Musculosketal System Flashcards
Function of the musculoskeletal system
Gives your body its structure and support. Helps you move around
Ligaments
stabilize the joint or hold the ends of two bones together
The muscle system
Provides forces that can move the skeleton in different ways
Tendons
Creates tension in muscle which makes it contract and move
functions of the skeleton
Protects important organs in the body.
It provides a riggid structure which supports other body tissue.
It provides a way for the body to move.
Two main parts of the skeleton
Axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton
The axial skeleton
The axial skeleton protects important organs and includes the following:
Skull
Vertebral column
Vertebrate
Ribs
Sternum
Skull
Protects brain in large cavity
Vetrabral column (spine,backbone)
Made up of vertebrate which enclose the spinal cord
The ribs and sternum (breastbone)
This cage encloses ans protects the lungs
The appendicular skeleton
The appendicular skeleton is connected to the axial skeleton.
Four limbs of appendicular skeleton
Humerus
Radius
Ulana
Carpals
Humerus
The upper foreleg bone
Radius and ulana
The lower foreleg bones
Function of carpals
connects and serves as a transition point between the forearm and hand
What are the phalanges
The bones in the toes of all four feet
What’s does the metacarpals do
Connect the phalanges to the carpals
Scapula
Shoulder bone
Clavicle
Collor bone
Femer
The upper hind leg bone
Tibia and fibula
The lower hindleg bone
Tarsals
What’s the lower hindleg attaches to
Meteatarsals
Connect the phanlanges to the tarsals
Pelvis
The pelvis is made up of the sacrum and hip bone which itself is made up of the pubis, ilium and ischium
Sesamoid bones
They have a similar shape to seseame seeds. They are found within the tendons.
Irregular bones
Don’t fit into the classification above
Muscular system
There a three types of muscle in an animals body:
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Exists in internal organs such as the stomach and intestines
Cardiac muscle
Only exists in the heart. Is controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
Sketal muscle
Work in conjunction with joints to move the skeleton
Joints
The points where bones meet
Injury and disease of musculoskeletal system
Osteoarthritis
Osteomalacia
Tendon and ligament injuries
Osteoarthritis
The condition is due to inflamed joints
Osteomalacia
An imbalance of minerals in the diet
Tendon and ligaments injuries
Large forces are transmitted through tendons and ligaments
4 things about Swimming mammals
• they have a vestigial pelvis- without any hind limbs it is no longer needed
• the ribs can adjust positions, so they can withstand the high pressures associated with diving
•much shorter humerus but longer phalanges to allow the flipper to act more like paddles which are used for steering.
•there are only four fingers but the phalanges are much longer then the metacarpals in contrast to land mammals
3 things about Running mammals
•some bones in the skull are fused to help make the skeleton lighter
• there is an extended ridge of bone on the sternum called a keel to which the muscles responsible for flying are attached
• they have developed an extra bone of the food called calcar to support the skin that lies between the tail and the hind limbs
3 things Hopping animals
•they have a relatively longer hind and forelimbs due to longer metatarsals and metacarpals.
•reduced clavicle or no clavicle at all which allows the greater mobility of scapula which in turn allows for a greater stride length
•increased flexibility of the vertebrate particularly for fast sprinters such as cheetahs to allow the whole body to flex up and down and create more power
Difference between tendons and ligaments
A tendon serves to move the bone or structure. A ligament is a fibrous connective tissue that attaches bone to bone
Three advantages of mammalian musculoskeletal system
locomotion, facilitating breathing, protecting internal organs, and coordinating global energy expenditure.
The main adoptions to the musculoskeletal system that are seen in horses
Increased muscle mass relative to body weight
