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Bio > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Function of endocrine system

A

Used to communicate and control organs in the body

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2
Q

How does it communicate and control the organs in the body

A

It does this through special chemicals called hormones

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3
Q

What are endocrine glands

A

Release hormones into the bloodstream

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4
Q

Hypothalamus

A

This is small part of your brain that constantly monitors a number of the body parameters
Eg. Temperature, heart rate and blood pressure

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5
Q

Pituitary gland

A

This is often called the mater gland because it releases hormones that stimulate other glands in the body- adrenal, thyroid, ovaries and testes

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6
Q

Two parts of the pituitary gland

A

The anterior- front
Posterior - back

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7
Q

The anterior gland produces hormones such as

A

Adrenocortropic hormone
Thyroid stimulating hormone
FSH
LH
prolactin

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8
Q

FSH

A

Stimulates the growth of ovaries

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9
Q

Anti diuretic gland

A

This directly acts on kidneys and blood vessels, controlling the amount of water content in blood

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10
Q

Pancreas

A

This organ regulates the amount of glucose

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11
Q

How does the pancreas regulate glucose

A

Produces hormones called insulin and glucagon

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12
Q

Insulin

A

Allows glucose to be absorbed earthier by cells in the body or to be converted by glycogen and stored in the liver

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13
Q

Glucagon

A

Causes the glycogen in the liver to be realeased into the blood

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14
Q

Adrenal glands

A

produce hormones that help regulate your metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, response to stress and other essential functions.

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15
Q

Adrenaline

A

The hormone acts on most tissues in the body and is responsible for “fight or flight” response to a stressful suition situation

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16
Q

There are two parts of the adrenal gland

A

Cortex - outer
Medulla- inner

17
Q

The medulla produces

A

Adrenaline

18
Q

The cortex produces

A

Cortisol
Aldosterone

19
Q

Cortisol

A

The so called hormone that gives the body a boost of energy in times of stress by controlling the way in which the body processes nutrients

20
Q

Aldosterone

A

This hormone instructs the kidney to remove or release certain salts from the blood. Regulates salts in the bloodstream

21
Q

Thyroid glands

A

The thyroid glands are responsible for metabolism

22
Q

Metabolism

A

How quickly chemical processes take place in the body which in turn determines how quickly boldly functions such as digestion take place.

23
Q

Two thyroid gland secretes two hormones

A

T3 and t4
Which cause the body cells to work faster

24
Q

The thyroid also produces another hormone

A

Calcitonin which acts in opposition to the para thyroid gland

25
Q

Para thyroid

A

Regulates the levels of calcium in your body. Does this by producing a hormone called parathyroid hormone

26
Q

Homeostasis

A

The process by which bodily conditions are maintained with certain range

27
Q

The process of homeostasis make use of negative feedback loop. A negative feedback loop consists of the following three stages:

A

Measure
Compare
Change

28
Q

Measure ( negative feedback loop )

A

The amount of glucose in the blood stream is constantly monitored by cells in the pancreas

29
Q

Compare (negative feedback loop)

A

Cells called alpha cells detect when the glucose levels in blood is low

30
Q

Change ( negative feedback loop)

A

Alpha cells cause glucagon to be release which acts to increase the glucose levels in blood

31
Q

Why is it called a negative feed back loop

A

Because the process always tries to negate any measured changes in order to return to acceptable levels

32
Q

Circulating hormones

A

Flow through the blood stream and different parts of the body

33
Q

Local hormones

A

Are not released into the bloodstream there for do not circulate through the body

34
Q

Describe the main stages of homeostasis of blood sugar levels

A

When a person’s blood sugar is too high, their pancreas secretes more insulin. When their blood sugar levels drop, their pancreas releases glucagon to raise them.

35
Q

Name hormones released by pituitary gland

A

Adrenal
Thyroid
Ovaries
Testes

36
Q

Explain the role of hormones and how they function

A

Role of hormones- help to control many functions such as growth, reproduction and repair
Function of hormones- the body chemicals messengers sending signals into the bloodstream and tissues

37
Q

What’s the role of adrenal gland

A

Produces hormones that help regulate metabolism, blood pressure and immune system, response to stress and other essential functions

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