Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

What are the 4 different causes for osteoporosis ?

Answer 1

Imbalance between bone resorption and bone production
Inadequate peak bone mass
Excess bone resorption
Inadequate bone production

Question 2

How is osteoporosis treated?

Answer 2

Alendronic acid - prevents osteoclasts activity

Question 3

Define arthropathy

Answer 3

Joint disease or disorder

Question 4

What are the features of osteoarthritis?

Answer 4

Morning stiffness
Pain, worse with movement
Reduced range of movement

Question 5

Define osteophyte

Answer 5

Outgrowths of thickening bone

Question 6

Who does rheumatoid arthritis affect?

Answer 6

1% of population. Women affected 3x more than men.

Question 7

What causes gout?

Answer 7

Drugs (aspirin, diuretics), alcohol, renal disease, hypothyroidism, dehydration

Question 8

How does gout present?

Answer 8

Sudden onset excruciating joint pain

Redness, warmth, tenderness

Usually first affects big toe

Question 9

What I’d pseudo gout?

Answer 9

Calcium pyrophosphate crystals in connective tissues

Question 10

What causes pseudo gout?

Answer 10

Hereditary
Associated with osteoarthritis
Trauma or surgery

Question 11

How does septic arthritis present?

Answer 11

Severe pain, swelling, redness and heat in joint. May be unable to move joint

Question 12

How is septic arthritis treated?

Answer 12

IV antibiotics, may require washout of joint

Question 13

What is osteomyelitis?

Answer 13

Bone infection caused by bacteria

Question 14

What causes osteomyelitis?

Answer 14

Trauma , surgery, prescience of foreign bodies

Question 15

What is the most common bone tumour?

Answer 15

Metastatic disease from distant cancer (prostate, kidney, breast)

Question 16

Name a benign primary bone tumour

Answer 16

Osteiod osteoma

Question 17

Define osteoporosis

Answer 17

Decrease in bone mass and density