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Pathology > Female Genital Tract > Flashcards

Female Genital Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What does CIN stand for?

A

Cervical Intra-epithelial Neoplasia

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2
Q

What is the main cause of CIN?

A

Human Papilloma Virus

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3
Q

What are the symptoms of cervical cancer?

A

Abnormal discharge and bleeding

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4
Q

What does menorrhagia mean?

A

Heavy periods

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5
Q

Define DUB

A

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding

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6
Q

What is a fibroid?

A

Benign tumour

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7
Q

Where do fibroids arise from in the uterus?

A

Myometrium

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8
Q

How do fibroids present?

A

Heavy or painful periods, pelvic pain or distension

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9
Q

What causes endometritis and PID?

A

Infections, usually STI.

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10
Q

How does PID present?

A

Can present with abnormal discharge, pain or bleeding

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11
Q

What is endometriosis?

A

Endometrial tissue in the wrong location i.e outside the endometrium

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12
Q

How does endometriosis present?

A

Can present with heavy or painful periods, pelvic pain, painful sex

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13
Q

How is endometriosis treated?

A

Variety of contraception: Combined pill, Mirena, Zoladex

Or surgery

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14
Q

How does endometrial cancer present?

A

Post-menopausal bleeding

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15
Q

What are the risk factors for endometrial cancer?

A

nulliparity, high BMI, HRT and late menopause

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16
Q

What are the risk factors for endometrial carcinoma?

A

Obesity and oestrogen exposure

17
Q

What is a cystadenoma?

A

Large fluid filled cysts, symptoms caused by pressure effect

18
Q

What is a benign mature teratoma?

A

Large cyst filled with solid substance

19
Q

What is polycystic ovary syndrome?

A

Muliple cysts presenting on ovaries

20
Q

Symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome?

A

Usually presents as irregular periods, no periods, infertility, other symptoms

21
Q

How is polycystic ovary syndrome treated?

A

Combined pill
Metformin
Clomifene

22
Q

What are complications of polycystic ovary syndrome?

A

Increased CV risk
Increased risk of T2DM
Increased problems in pregnancy

23
Q

For whom are ovarian cysts usually benign/malignant?

A

Women 20- 45 - Benign

Women >45 - Malignant

24
Q

Define miscarriage

A

Loss of pregnancy before 24 weeks

25
Q

How many pregnancies end in miscarriage?

A

15%

26
Q

What are risk factors for miscarriage?

A

Increasing age, multiple pregnancies, smoking, alcohol, connective tissue disorders in mother and diabetes

27
Q

What is ectopic pregnancy?

A

Extra uterine pregnancy, usually occurs in Fallopian tubes

28
Q

Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy?

A

Fertility treatments, PID, coil, previous ectopics, smokers

29
Q

Presentation of ectopic pregnancy?

A

Unilateral lower abdominal pain

Pathology (17 decks)

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