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Pathophysiology > Musculoskeletal Disorders > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Form of electromagnetic radiation.

A

X-Ray

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2
Q

Nuclear scanning test that identifies new areas of bone growth or breakdown.

A

Bone Scan

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3
Q

Creates a 3-D image from multiple X-rays images.

A

Computed Tomography Scan (CT)

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4
Q

Measure the electrical impulses of muscles at rest and during contraction.

A

Electromyogram (EMG)

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5
Q

Allows analysis of fluid for signs of inflammation, bleeding, and infection.

A

Synovial Fluid Aspiration

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6
Q

Uses strong magnetic field. No radiation. Patients with some types of metal implants can not have.

A

MRI

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7
Q

Minimally invase surgical prodecure in which an examination and sometimes treats of damage of the interior of a joint is performed.

A

Arthroscopy

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8
Q

Elevated in many muscle diseases.

A

Serum Creatine Kinase (SCK).

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9
Q

Results when the skin is broken.

A

Open Fracture

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10
Q

Skin is not broken at the fracture site.

A

Closed Fracture

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11
Q

A bone is broken to form two or more separate pieces.

A

Complete Fracture

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12
Q

Bone is only partially broken.

A

Incomplete Fracture

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13
Q

Single break in the bone in which the bone ends maintain their alignment and position.

A

Simple Fracture

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14
Q

The are multiple fracture lines and bone fragments.

A

Comminuted Fracture

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15
Q

When a bone is crushed or collapses into small pieces.

A

Compression Fracture

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16
Q

When one end of the bone is forced into the adjacent bone.

A

Impacted

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17
Q

Result from a weakness in the bone structure. Example - during cancer.

A

Pathologic

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18
Q

Fracture result from repeated excess stress.

A

Stress

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19
Q

Occur in the skull when the broken section is forced inward on the brain.

A

Depressed

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20
Q

Fracture across the bone.

A

Transverse

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21
Q

A break along the axis of bone.

A

Linear

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22
Q

Fracture at an angle to the diaphysis.

A

Oblique

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23
Q

Fracture that angles around the bone.

A

Spiral

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24
Q

Fracture at the distal radius at the wrist.

A

Colle’s Fracture

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25
Q

Fracture of the lower fibula due to excessive stress on the ankle.

A

Pott’s Fracture

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26
Q

Fracture of the 5th metatarsal.

A

Jones Fracture

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27
Q

Forms in the medullary canal, under the periosteum, and between the ends of the bone fragments.

A

Hematoma (clot)

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28
Q

Form new cartilage.

A

Chondroblasts

29
Q

The bone ends become splinted together by a _______.

A

Fibrocartilaginous callus.

30
Q

Generate new bone.

A

Osteoblasts

31
Q

Amount of local damage to bone and soft tissue, amount of realignment and approximation, secondary problem, and numbers systemic factors.

A

Factors Affecting Healing Process

32
Q

Due to local pain and irritation.

A

Muscle spasm

33
Q

Such as tetanus, osteomyelitis. Precautions include antibiotics.

A

Infections

34
Q

Occurs as edema increases in 1st 48 hours after trauma and casting.

A

Ischemia

35
Q

Grating sound heard, if the ends of bone fragments move over each other.

A

Crepitus

36
Q

Increased pressure of fluid within fascia, the nonelastic covering of muscles. Usually lower leg.

A

Compartment Syndrome

37
Q

Can occur with severe trauma or tearing of periosteum.

A

Nerve damage

38
Q

Requires surgery, plates & pins.

A

Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF)

39
Q

Cast, splints, and traction.

A

Immobilizations

40
Q

Application of forces or weight pulling on limb that is opposed by body weight.

A

Traction

41
Q

Separation of two bones at a joint with loss of contact between the articulating bone surfaces.

A

Dislocation

42
Q

If bone is only partially displaced.

A

Subluxation

43
Q

Tear in ligament.

A

Sprain

44
Q

Tear in a tendon/muscle.

A

Strain

45
Q

Ligaments or tendons completely separated from their bony attachment.

A

Avulsion

46
Q

Common metabolic bone disorder. Decreased bone mass and density. More common in women.

A

Osteoporosis

47
Q

Postmenopausal, senile, and idopathic.

A

Primary Osteoporosis

48
Q

Following specific primary disorder (Cushing’s syndrome).

A

Secondary Osteoporosis

49
Q

Result from deficit of vitamin D and phosphates.

A

Rickets & Osteomalacia

50
Q

Bow legs, in children.

A

Rickets

51
Q

Soft bones and compression fractures, in adults.

A

Osteomalacia

52
Q

Progressive bone disease that occurs in adults older than 40 years.

A

Paget’s Diease

53
Q

Majority of primary bone tumors are _____.

A

Malignant

54
Q

Malignant neoplasm that usually develops in the metaphasis of the femur, tibia, or fibula in children/young adults.

A

Osteosarcoma

55
Q

Malignant neoplasm common in adolescents that occurs in the diaphysis of long bones.

A

Ewing’s Sarcoma

56
Q

Group of inherited disorders characterized by degeneration of skeletal muscle.

A

Muscular Dystrophy

57
Q

Most common type of muscular dystrophy is?

A

Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy

58
Q

Group of disorders characterized by pain and stiffness affecting muscles, tendons, and surrounding soft tissue. Higher in women 20-50 years old.

A

Fibromyaligia

59
Q

Wear and tear arthritis.

A

Osetoarthritis

60
Q

Bone spurs.

A

Osteophytes

61
Q

Auto-immune disease, causing chronic systemic inflammatory disease.

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

62
Q

Inflammation recurs, synovial cells proliferate.

A

Synovitis

63
Q

Granulation tissue from synovium spreads over articular capsule.

A

Pannus Formation

64
Q

Eroded by enzymes from panes, panes also cuts off nutrients.

A

Cartilage Erosion

65
Q

Panes between bone ends becomes fibrotic, limits movement.

A

Fibrosis

66
Q

Joint fixation and deformity.

A

Ankylosis

67
Q

Results from deposits of uric acid and rate crystals in the joint. Most common in men older than 40 years old.

A

Gout

68
Q

Develops in a single joint.

A

Infections (Septic) Arthritis

69
Q

Chronic progressive inflammatory condition. Affects the SI joints, intervertebral spaces, and costovertebral joints of the axial skeleton.

A

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Pathophysiology (16 decks)

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