Inflammation & Healing Ch. 1

Question 1

4 Cardinal Signs of Inflammation

Answer 1

Redness, Warmth, Pain, & Swelling. 5th is Loss of Function.

Question 2

Nonspecific Defenses

Answer 2

Mechanical Barriers 1st Line of Defense.
(Skin, Mucous, and Secretions)
Phagocytosis and Inflammation 2nd Line of Defense.
(Neutrophils and Macrophages)

Question 3

Anorexia

Answer 3

Decreased Appetite

Question 4

Pyrexia

Answer 4

Fever

Question 5

Specific Defenses

Answer 5

Immune System 3rd Line of Defense. (Antibodies & Lymphocytes)

Question 6

Leukocytosis

Answer 6

Increased WBC Count.

Question 7

High Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

Answer 7

How fast RBC’s settle in a sample.

Question 8

Increased Serum Levels of Cell Enzymes

Answer 8

Released by necrotic cells.

Question 9

Infection

Answer 9

Easier for pathogens to enter damaged tissue.

Question 10

Ulcers

Answer 10

Cell necrosis and lack of cell regeneration cause erosions of tissue.

Question 11

Perforation

Answer 11

Erosion through a tissue wall.

Question 12

Skeletal Muscle Spasms

Answer 12

May be initiated by inflammation resulting from sprains, tendinitis, and fractures.

Question 13

Local Complications

Answer 13

Decreased ROM around a swollen joint.

Question 14

Resolution

Answer 14

With minimal tissue damage.

Question 15

Regeneration

Answer 15

Occurs when damaged cells are capable of mitosis.

Question 16

Replacement by Connective Tissue

Answer 16

With extensive damage or when cells are not capable of mitosis.

Question 17

Contracture

Answer 17

Fixation and deformity at a joint.

Question 18

Stenosis

Answer 18

Shortening or narrowing.

Question 19

Causes vasoconstriction, decrease pain and edema, and usually in first 48-72 hours after injury.

Answer 19

Cold

Question 20

Chronic problems, rheumatoid arthritis (improved circulation).

Answer 20

Heat

Question 21

RICE

Answer 21

Rest, ice, compression, elevation.

Question 22

Decreases prostaglandin synthesis at site of inflammation, and decreases pain and fever.

Answer 22

Aspirin

Question 23

Benefits of what medication are decrease capillary permeability, decrease leukocyte # and mast cells, and block immune response?

Answer 23

Glucocorticoids