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Pathophysiology > Fluid, Electrolyte, Acid/Base > Flashcards

Fluid, Electrolyte, Acid/Base Flashcards

1
Q

Infants body weight is ___% water.

A

70%

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2
Q

___ have lower water percentage.

A

Women

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3
Q

Controls thirst mechanism.

A

Hypothalamus

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4
Q

Controls the amount of fluid leaving the body in urine.

A

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

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5
Q

Increase reabsorption of sodium ions in water from the renal tubules back into the blood.

A

Aldosterone

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6
Q

Means that solutions on both sides of the selective permeable membrane have established equilibrium.

A

Isotonic

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7
Q

Solution of lower osmotic pressure.

A

Hypotonic

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8
Q

Solution of higher osmotic pressure.

A

Hypertonic

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9
Q

Elevated sodium levels.

A

Hypernatremia

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10
Q

Lowered sodium levels.

A

Hyponatremia

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11
Q

Elevated potassium levels.

A

Hyperkalcemia

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12
Q

Lowered potassium levels.

A

Hypokalcemia

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13
Q

Elevated calcium levels.

A

Hypercalemia

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14
Q

Lowered calcium levels.

A

Hypocalcemia

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15
Q

Significant accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.

A

Ascites

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16
Q

PH > 7

A

Basic

17
Q

PH = 7

A

Neutral

18
Q

Normal blood PH

A

7.35-7.45 PH

19
Q

PH compatible with life.

A

6.8-8.0 PH

20
Q

Condition in which the blood has too much acid or too little base.

A

Acidosis

21
Q

A condition in which the blood has too much base or too little acid.

A

Alkalosis

22
Q

Characterized by a pH decrease and increase in CO2.

A

Hypoventilation

23
Q

Develops when the lungs don’t expel CO2 adequately.

A

Respiratory acidosis

24
Q

Leads to eliminating excessive amounts of CO2.

A

Hyperventilation

25
Q

Increased loss of CO2 from the lungs at a rate faster than it is produced.

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

26
Q

Any acid-base imbalance not attributable to CO2. Metabolic production of acids of loss of bases.

A

Metabolic Acidosis

27
Q

Imbalance kid again cannot be due to CO2. Increase of bicarbonate or decrease of hydrogen ions.

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

28
Q

Approximately ___ % of body weight is water.

A

60%

29
Q

Are the first line of defense for the body for fluctuations in pH.

A

Chemical buffers

30
Q

The kidney compensates for acid-base imbalance within 24 hours and is responsible for long-term control.

A

Renal response

31
Q

Control is accomplished by responding to CO2 and H+ concentration in the blood.

A

Respiratory response

Pathophysiology (16 decks)

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