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Pathophysiology > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

More common in men. More common over 40.

A

Atherosclerosis

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2
Q

Has high cholesterol content.

A

LDL (low density lipoprotein)

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3
Q

Good lipoprotein

A

HDL (high density lipoprotein)

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4
Q

There is insufficient oxygen for the needs of the heart muscle.

A

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

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5
Q

Degeneration in small arteries and arterioles. Loss of elasticity, walls thick and hard, lumen narrows.

A

Arteriosclerosis

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6
Q

Decrease risk for blood clot formation, decrease platelet adhesion, and blocks coagulation process.

A

Anticoagulant (Heparin, Coumadin, ASA)

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7
Q

Decrease LDL and cholesterol by blocking synthesis in the liver.

A

Cholesterol or lipid reducing drugs. Lipitor and Zocor.

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8
Q

Chest pain that occurs when there is a deficit of oxygen for the heart muscle.

A

Angina Pectoralis

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9
Q

Coronary artery is obstructed.

A

Myocardial Infarction (MI). Heart Attack.

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10
Q

Blood clot that goes throughout the body.

A

Embolus

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11
Q

ACE Inhibitors treat?

A

Hypertension, CHF

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12
Q

Remove excess water, sodium ions, block reabsorption in kidneys, and treat high BP, CHF.

A

Diuretics

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13
Q

Decrease BP to normal levels.

A

Antihypertensive drugs

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14
Q

Treats angina, hypertension, arrhythmias, prevent SNS from increasing heart activity, SLOWS HEART RATE.

A

Beta-blockers

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15
Q

Deviation from normal HR or rhythm.

A

Cardiac Arrhythmias (Dysrhthmias)

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16
Q

Block movement of calcium ions into cardiac and smooth muscle fibers.

A

Calcium ion channel blockers (Verapamil)

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17
Q

Provide better balance of xylem supply and demand in heart muscle.

A

Vasodilators (Nitroglycerin)

18
Q

Heart sounds using stethoscope.

A

Auscultation

19
Q

Assess general cardiovascular function.

A

Exercise stress test

20
Q

Shows size, shape of heart.

A

Chest X-Ray

21
Q

Visualization of blood flow in coronary artery.

A

Angiography

22
Q

Passes catheter through a vein in the arm or leg.

A

Cardiac Catheterization

23
Q

PNS - Parasympathetic

A

Rest and digest system.

24
Q

CNS- Sympathetic

A

Heart rate goes up in this system, fight or flight.

25
Q

HR 100-160 beats per minute

A

Tachycardia

26
Q

HR 160-350 beats per minute

A

Atrial Flutter

27
Q

HR over 350 beats per minute

A

Atrial Fibrillation

28
Q

Extra contraction of ectopic beats of atria.

A

Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC)

29
Q

Heart unable to pump sufficient blood to meet metabolic needs of body.

A

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

30
Q

Cessation of all activity in the heart. No conduction of impulses.

A

Cardiac Arrest

31
Q

Increased blood pressure

A

Hypertension

32
Q

Inflammatory condition of medium-sized arteries and small arteries in the legs and arms.

A

Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Bueger’s Disease)

33
Q

Disease common in young men before age 35. Smoking.

A

Buerger’s Disease

34
Q

Vasopastic condition in which periodic temporary, but severe vasoconstriction occurs small arteries and arterioles in the superficial tissues of the fingers and toes. (Extreme cold)

A

Reynaud’s Disease

35
Q

________ is a localized dilation in an arterial wall.

A

Aneurysm

36
Q

Irregular dilated of tortuous areas of the superficial of deep veins. (Legs)

A

Varicose Veins

37
Q

Varicose veins treatment

A

Wearing support socks/sleeves on the area, to encourage venous return.

38
Q

Result of disease in the popliteal artery and causes severe pain in the calf during walking activities, exercise, or prolonged standing.

A

Intermittent Claudication

39
Q

Left CHF

A

Pulmonary Edema

40
Q

Right CHF

A

Peripheral Edema

41
Q

Presence of athermos (plaques).

A

Atherosclerosis

Pathophysiology (16 decks)

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