Immunology Flashcards
Lymphocytes and Macrophages
Immune Cells
Will attack if doesn’t recognize (foreign objects).
Antigens
Made in bone marrow then travel to thymus. Recognize small cancer (antigens) cells and destroy them.
T Lymphocytes
Destroy the target cell by binding to antigen and releasing enzymes and chemicals which destroys cell.
Killer T Cells
Remains in lymph nodes for years ready to activate response if invading cell returns.
Memory T Cells
T Cells attack foreign objects such as tumor cells and virus cells.
Natural Killer Cells
Produced in bone marrow then moved to spleen and lymphoid tissue. After exposure to antigen they become anti-body producing cells.
B Lymphoctyes
First exposure to antigen, antibodies or T cells are developed, and takes several days to weeks.
Primary response
Repeat exposure occurs. Memory cells stimulate production of large numbers of matching anti-bodies or T cells quickly.
Secondary response
Immunity is acquired ____ & ____?
Actively and passively
Antibodies developed after direct exposure to antigen.
Active natural immunity
Antibodies stimulated by a vaccine.
Active artificial immunity
Antibodies transferred from breastmilk or across placenta.
Passive natural immunity
Injection of antibodies from person or animal into a second person. Example: Rabies
Passive artificial immunity
Identical Twins
Isograft
Body’s reaction immediately during or after transplant?
Hyperacute rejection
Body’s reaction several weeks later to transplant?
Acute rejection
Body’s reaction months to years later to transplant?
Chronic rejection
Decreases immune response to prevent rejection.
Immunosuppressant therapy
Is a common environmental antigen which stimulates an inappropriate immune response.
Allergen
Occurs in nasal mucosal. Sneezing, watery nose/eyes, itching, and typically seasonal.
Hay Fever
Chronic with genetic component, typically occurs on face, trunk, and extremities.
Eczema
Allergic reaction to bronchial mucosa.
Asthma
Life-threatening systemic reaction. Decreased blood pressure, airway obstruction, and severe hypoxia.
Anaphylactic shock
