Immunology

Question 1

Lymphocytes and Macrophages

Answer 1

Immune Cells

Question 2

Will attack if doesn’t recognize (foreign objects).

Answer 2

Antigens

Question 3

Made in bone marrow then travel to thymus. Recognize small cancer (antigens) cells and destroy them.

Answer 3

T Lymphocytes

Question 4

Destroy the target cell by binding to antigen and releasing enzymes and chemicals which destroys cell.

Answer 4

Killer T Cells

Question 5

Remains in lymph nodes for years ready to activate response if invading cell returns.

Answer 5

Memory T Cells

Question 6

T Cells attack foreign objects such as tumor cells and virus cells.

Answer 6

Natural Killer Cells

Question 7

Produced in bone marrow then moved to spleen and lymphoid tissue. After exposure to antigen they become anti-body producing cells.

Answer 7

B Lymphoctyes

Question 8

First exposure to antigen, antibodies or T cells are developed, and takes several days to weeks.

Answer 8

Primary response

Question 9

Repeat exposure occurs. Memory cells stimulate production of large numbers of matching anti-bodies or T cells quickly.

Answer 9

Secondary response

Question 10

Immunity is acquired ____ & ____?

Answer 10

Actively and passively

Question 11

Antibodies developed after direct exposure to antigen.

Answer 11

Active natural immunity

Question 12

Antibodies stimulated by a vaccine.

Answer 12

Active artificial immunity

Question 13

Antibodies transferred from breastmilk or across placenta.

Answer 13

Passive natural immunity

Question 14

Injection of antibodies from person or animal into a second person. Example: Rabies

Answer 14

Passive artificial immunity

Question 15

Identical Twins

Answer 15

Isograft

Question 16

Body’s reaction immediately during or after transplant?

Answer 16

Hyperacute rejection

Question 17

Body’s reaction several weeks later to transplant?

Answer 17

Acute rejection

Question 18

Body’s reaction months to years later to transplant?

Answer 18

Chronic rejection

Question 19

Decreases immune response to prevent rejection.

Answer 19

Immunosuppressant therapy

Question 20

Is a common environmental antigen which stimulates an inappropriate immune response.

Answer 20

Allergen

Question 21

Occurs in nasal mucosal. Sneezing, watery nose/eyes, itching, and typically seasonal.

Answer 21

Hay Fever

Question 22

Chronic with genetic component, typically occurs on face, trunk, and extremities.

Answer 22

Eczema

Question 23

Allergic reaction to bronchial mucosa.

Answer 23

Asthma

Question 24

Life-threatening systemic reaction. Decreased blood pressure, airway obstruction, and severe hypoxia.

Answer 24

Anaphylactic shock

Question 25

Block response of tissues to histamine.

Answer 25

Antihistamine (Benadryl)

Question 26

Decreased immune response and stabilized vascular system.

Answer 26

Glucocorticoids

Question 27

Primarily affects females 20 to 40 years old. Chronic inflammatory disease.

Answer 27

SLE. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Question 28

Butterfly rash, joint inflammation, pleurisy, and carditis.

Answer 28

Signs and symptoms of SLE

Question 29

How many pairs of chromosomes?

Answer 29

22

Question 30

How many pairs of sex chromosomes?

Answer 30

1

Question 31

X linked conditions are carried on the X chromosome.

Answer 31

Both males and females.

Question 32

Y linked conditions are carried on the Y chromosome.

Answer 32

Males

Question 33

Trisomy 21. Most common inherited chromosome disorder.

Answer 33

Down syndrome

Question 34

Decreased muscle tone, cognitive delay, and abnormal facial features.

Answer 34

Symptoms and Signs of Down Syndrome

Question 35

30 1:1000
35 1:500
40 1:100

Answer 35

Increases with maternal age and down syndrome.

Question 36

More common in mothers over 35. Extra sex chromosome. 1:500-1000 male births.

Answer 36

Klinefleter Syndrome

Question 37

Trisomy of chromosome 13. 1 in 5,000 live births. More than 5 fingers.

Answer 37

Patau Syndrome

Question 38

Total or partial lack of X chromosome. Only affects females.

Answer 38

Turner Syndrome

Question 39

Congenital heart disease. 3000 babies are born with TOF each year.

Answer 39

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)

Question 40

Lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, intestinal lymphoid tissue, and lymphatic circulation.

Answer 40

Lymph structures