Muscular Flashcards
What happens during rigor mortis
lack of oxygen–cease in energy production–cannot pump Calcium out—rigor—eventually the muscle proteins decompose
What is a congenital anomaly of cattle?
Muscular hyperplasia
What causes horses to have recurrent rhabdomyolysis, symmetric muscle atrophy, weakness. Their muscles will be pale pink to diffusely red. Myoglobinuric nephrosis.
Equine Polysaccharid Storage Myopathy
What gene is mutated in HYPP
Na/K channel gene
You have a horse that comes in with laryngospasm, trembling, collapse, metabolic acidosis
HYPP
What is a progressive, degenerative dz that causes muscle weakness, stiff gate and exercise intolerance in dogs?
Muscular dystophy
Monofocal necrosis is?
Confined to one site
single incident of trauma
Multifocal necrosis?
Systemic disease
necrosis at multiple sites
Monophasic lesion are?
Only one insult
ex: exertional myopathy
all lesions would be at the same stage of necrosis or regeneration
Multiphasic lesions?
Ongoing insults
ex: Vit E/sel def, continous feeding of a toxin,
new lesions forming simultaneously with regeneration
What does degenerating muscle look like grossly and microscopically?
White chalky foci (streaks), Red
Vacuoles and loss of striations. HYPEREOSINOPHILIA, glassy or hyaline appearance
Success of regeneration depends on the integrity of what?
Sarcolemma
What are the syndromes from Nutritional myopathies
White muscle dz-calves
Stiff lamb dz
Porcine Vit E/Se
Pansteatitis in cats
brown dog gut
Masticatory myopathy and polymyopathy of foals
Muscle necrosis and steatitis in rabbits
What type of fibers are affected in exertional myopathy?
T II
What kind of degeneration and necrosis will you get with exertional myopathy
Hyaline degen
Necrosis of skeletal m
What can happen to the kidneys during exertional myopathies?
myoglobinuric nephrosis—daarrrkkk black kidneys
What are the etiopathogenesis in capture myopathy
Pronounce acidosis
Acute, extreme overexertion, stress ( ++++Catecholamines), predisposition if Se deficient. Spiking epinephrine levels, Se deficiency and overexertion
What happens during Ionophore toxicity?
Ionophores facilitate the movement of cations across cell membranes
disruption of ionic equilibrium causing a CALCIUM OVERLOAD and necrosis of sk and cardiac m.
Monophasic multifocal segmental necrosis. Myocardial fibrosis, and pale streaks in the muscle
Ionophore tox
What causes generalized weakness with ventriflexion of the next in cats?
HypOkalemia
What causes profound m weakness, neurological signs, and hemolytic anemia in cows
HypOphosphatemia
What is a life threatening hypermetabolic syndrome in pigs?
PSS
hyperactivity and head shock
Inc release of Ca from sarcoplasmic retic following stress factors
What is the gene mutation that makes pigs more prone to PSS
Hal gene
What are the lesions for PSS
T II fibers are affected
back muscle necrosis, edema
Pale Soft Exudative**
Pulmonary edema, hydrothorax, ascites
Deep pectoral myopathy in turkeys is caused by?
Ischemia
compartment syndrome
What is the mechanism of PSS
Defect in uptake, storage and release of calcium
Cow has gas bubbles, extensive hemorrhage or edema, dark brown to black muscles, smell of rancid butter, whats the cause?
Clostridium septicum/perfringens
malignant edema
You have a ruminant that has a well demarcated green foci of necrosis with eosinophilic infiltration. The green color fades to an off white color when exposed to air
Sarcocystis infection
Pathogenesis of MMM
Autoimmunity against type IIc fibers.
Ab to myosin isofrom=myositis (PAINFUL)
Horse comes in with edema of the head and limbs, petechia, and leukocytosclastic vasculitis, could have wheels as well. also what other condition is this associated with
Purpura hemorrhagica
associated with Strangles.
Myofibrils w/i affected myocytes become disoriented, myofilaments are detached and frayed at the Z line, most organelles degenerate and disappear. What could cause this? What else is true?
Trichinosis spiralis
immunity is acquired in the enteric phase and during circulation of living larvae.
They are the only nematode to enter cells as apart of its life cycle.
2 phases, enteric and visceral.
What parasite makes small, white or gray cysts with the intermediate stage in the heart, masseter, or tongue
Cysticercus
What parasite invades the striated muscle, and grow to form elongated spindle shaped structures. Grossly look like white dots or streaks in affected muscles-generally has no clinical signs
Sarcocystosis
What is a benign primary neoplasm that has cross striation and large pedunculated mass in the heart
Rhabdomyoma
What spp is rhabdomyosarcoma not reported in?
pigs
Which neoplasm arises from sites with no striated muscle such as the kidney, urinary bladder. It occurs in young large breed dogs.
Botryoid rhabdomyosarcomas
What condition has a deficiency of acetylcholine receptors?
Myasthenia gravis
Can Myasthenia gravis be an autoimmune dz?
Yes, Ab are directed against AChRs of the neuromuscular jx.
What are the associated lesions with Myasthenia gravis?
Megaesophagus
Dysphagia
Secondary aspiration pneumonia
Thymoma
Which toxin binds irreversibly to the presynaptic nerve terminals, preventing release of acetylcholine
Clostridium botulinum
