Eye Flashcards
What is a failure of fusion of the optic cup?
Coloboma
What is the distinguishing factor for CEA
Chorioretinal DYSPLASIA/HYPOPLASIA
What happens when there is delayed or incomplete atrophy of the anterior **perilenticular vascular network?
Persistant pupillary membrane
What does persistent pupillary membrane look like
Bloodless strands. short threadlike protrusions from the area of the minor arterial circle
What is it called when there is a failure of completel fetal ectoderm corneal metaplasia
Ocular dermoids
the ectoderm remains as SKIN-well diff stra. sq. ketatinized epithelium over an irregular dermal stroma
What is the sequence of keratitis?
Edema Leukocyte immigration Corneal stromal vascularization Fibrosis Epithelial metaplasia w/pigmentation
What are some causes of ulcerative keratitis?
trauma
Dessication
Infection-IBK, Feline herpes
Immune mediated dz
Lesions of ulc keratitis
Loss of epith–cytokines and opportunistic pathogens come in
Superficial stromal edema-neuts
Leukocytes
Proteases/collagenases liquefy cornal stroma-ucler suppurative keratomalacia**
Nets encircle liquefying focus—ring abscess
What is the sequelae for ulc keratitis
healing w/vasc/scarring/granulation
Stromal liquefactions of Descemets membraine—bulges forward Ince intraocular pressure–desemetocele*
What is the pathogen responsible for equine keratomycosis, where is the tropsim for, and what are the 2 syndromes is causes
Aspergillus
Descemets membrane
Superficial stromal-no inflammation
Deep stromal-intense suppurative keratomalacia-corneal perforation/iris prolapse
What are the other names for canine pannus keratitis
chronic superficial keratitis
uberreiters syndrome
What is the most commonest form of non ulcerative keratitis
Interstitial (stromal) keratitis
you have no ulceration of the cornea, but you see bilateral vascularized opaciy in the corneal stroma andmarked pigmentation?
what can cause this
uberreiters syndrome/stromal keratitis/ pannus keratitis
Prolonged exposure to UV light
Dust and high altitudes
What is a disease of the decreased lacrymal secretion?
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
What is considered apart of the anterior uvea? whats another name for this
Iris and Ciliary body
Iridocyclitis
Posterior uvea is consisted of
Ciliary body and Choroid
What are the etiopathogenesis for Iridocyclitis/anterior uveitis
primary entity following a toxic damage
hematogenous infections
extension from deep corneal ulceration
What are the 8 lesions of Anterior uveitis?
Vascular changes (hyperemia/congestion)
Keratitis punctata***-clumps of inflammatory cells to POSTERIOR cornea
Mutton-fat keratic precipitates
Aqueous flare
Glaucoma
Hypopyon** yellow/white/pink floccular sediment in the ANTERIOR chamber
Hyphema*** blood in the ANTERIOR chamber
What are the sequelae of anterior uveitis?
***Synechia (anterior and posterior)
Iris bombe-complete posterior synechia—blocks papillary aqueous flow which inc posterior chamber pressure and the iris bows forward and may adhere anteriorly to the cornea**
Glaucoma
Lens luxation
phthisis bulbi
What is an end stage eye called
Phthisis bulbi
What is a posterior uveitis and what are the lesions and sequele
Inflammation of the CB and choroid
Lesions: exudation, retinal detachment/degeneration, atrophy
Seq: Cataracts, lens luxation, synechiae, retinal seperation, interstitial keratitis
What is an important cause of blindness in horses and mules?
Equine recurrent uveitis
What is another name for Equine recurrent uveitis and what are some causes?
Moon Blindness
Repeated attacks of iridiocycliditis
Lepto and Onchocerca
What is the differences between primary and secondary glaucoma
1: bilateral, inherited, malformation of filtration angle
2: unilateral, acquired, anything that obstructs: a) the flow of aqueous through the pupil or b) its exit through the trabecular meshwork.
What are the sequela to glaucoma?
Buphthalmos*****
Corneal changes (edema, pannus, dessication, ulceration)
Atrophy of iris and CB
Lens (cataracts, luxation)
Retinal degeneration
Optic nerve changes
What are some causes of retinitis?
Systemic infections that attack nervous tissues: distemper
MCF, FIP
Choroidal infections: Toxo and tuberculosis. retinitis has 2 T’s. thats what they stand for
What is retinal degeneration
loss of photoreceptors and other retinal neurons, formation of spaces w/i the retina, loss of retinal neurons, decreased thickness of the neurosensory retina
What causes night blindness
Vit A deficiency
What causes bright blindness
Bracken Fern
BBB–bright blindness bracken
What is a heritable retinal degenerational dz in dogs?
Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA)
What are your 2 types of PRA
Generalized and central
Which PRA is distinguished by photoreceptor dysplasia, its inherited, and the photoreceptors never reach maturity?
Generalized PRA
Which is affected first, rods/cones in Generalized PRA
Rods
night blindness
What are your other lesions you’ll see in generalized PRA
Progressive loss of inner nuclear layer
degeneration of pigment epithelium
retinal vessels disappear–total blindness
What happens in Central PRA?
Primary pigment epithelial dystrophy
there is a defective intracellular phagocytosis of shed photoreceptor outer segment.
What are the lesions of central PRA
LIPOFUSCIN accumulates w/i cytoplasm of RPE cells
Hypertrophy, hyperplasia and migration of the pigment epithelial cells-macules**
Most common neoplasia?
SCC
Most common neoplasia of the eyelid
Meibomian gland adenoma
What is inflammation of the eyelids called
blepharitis
What is a hordeolum and what are the two types
Its a style-suppurative
External: Moll and Zeis (think of a mole is on the outside)
Internal: Meibomian gland
What is a STERILE granulomatous inflammation of the meibomian gland?
Chalazion
What are the two types of local blepharitis
Hordeolum
Chalazion
What is the second most common tumor of the canine eyelid?
Melanocytoma
What is the commonest intraocular tumor-usually malignant
Uveal tract melanoma
