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Path II > Eye > Flashcards

Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What is a failure of fusion of the optic cup?

A

Coloboma

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2
Q

What is the distinguishing factor for CEA

A

Chorioretinal DYSPLASIA/HYPOPLASIA

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3
Q

What happens when there is delayed or incomplete atrophy of the anterior **perilenticular vascular network?

A

Persistant pupillary membrane

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4
Q

What does persistent pupillary membrane look like

A

Bloodless strands. short threadlike protrusions from the area of the minor arterial circle

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5
Q

What is it called when there is a failure of completel fetal ectoderm corneal metaplasia

A

Ocular dermoids

the ectoderm remains as SKIN-well diff stra. sq. ketatinized epithelium over an irregular dermal stroma

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6
Q

What is the sequence of keratitis?

A 
Edema
Leukocyte immigration
Corneal stromal vascularization
Fibrosis
Epithelial metaplasia w/pigmentation
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7
Q

What are some causes of ulcerative keratitis?

A

trauma
Dessication
Infection-IBK, Feline herpes
Immune mediated dz

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8
Q

Lesions of ulc keratitis

A

Loss of epith–cytokines and opportunistic pathogens come in

Superficial stromal edema-neuts

Leukocytes

Proteases/collagenases liquefy cornal stroma-ucler suppurative keratomalacia**

Nets encircle liquefying focus—ring abscess

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9
Q

What is the sequelae for ulc keratitis

A

healing w/vasc/scarring/granulation

Stromal liquefactions of Descemets membraine—bulges forward Ince intraocular pressure–desemetocele*

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10
Q

What is the pathogen responsible for equine keratomycosis, where is the tropsim for, and what are the 2 syndromes is causes

A

Aspergillus

Descemets membrane

Superficial stromal-no inflammation

Deep stromal-intense suppurative keratomalacia-corneal perforation/iris prolapse

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11
Q

What are the other names for canine pannus keratitis

A

chronic superficial keratitis

uberreiters syndrome

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12
Q

What is the most commonest form of non ulcerative keratitis

A

Interstitial (stromal) keratitis

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13
Q

you have no ulceration of the cornea, but you see bilateral vascularized opaciy in the corneal stroma andmarked pigmentation?

what can cause this

A

uberreiters syndrome/stromal keratitis/ pannus keratitis

Prolonged exposure to UV light

Dust and high altitudes

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14
Q

What is a disease of the decreased lacrymal secretion?

A

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca

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15
Q

What is considered apart of the anterior uvea? whats another name for this

A

Iris and Ciliary body

Iridocyclitis

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16
Q

Posterior uvea is consisted of

A

Ciliary body and Choroid

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17
Q

What are the etiopathogenesis for Iridocyclitis/anterior uveitis

A

primary entity following a toxic damage

hematogenous infections

extension from deep corneal ulceration

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18
Q

What are the 8 lesions of Anterior uveitis?

A

Vascular changes (hyperemia/congestion)

Keratitis punctata***-clumps of inflammatory cells to POSTERIOR cornea

Mutton-fat keratic precipitates

Aqueous flare

Glaucoma

Hypopyon** yellow/white/pink floccular sediment in the ANTERIOR chamber

Hyphema*** blood in the ANTERIOR chamber

19
Q

What are the sequelae of anterior uveitis?

A

***Synechia (anterior and posterior)

Iris bombe-complete posterior synechia—blocks papillary aqueous flow which inc posterior chamber pressure and the iris bows forward and may adhere anteriorly to the cornea**

Glaucoma

Lens luxation

phthisis bulbi

20
Q

What is an end stage eye called

A

Phthisis bulbi

21
Q

What is a posterior uveitis and what are the lesions and sequele

A

Inflammation of the CB and choroid

Lesions: exudation, retinal detachment/degeneration, atrophy

Seq: Cataracts, lens luxation, synechiae, retinal seperation, interstitial keratitis

22
Q

What is an important cause of blindness in horses and mules?

A

Equine recurrent uveitis

23
Q

What is another name for Equine recurrent uveitis and what are some causes?

A

Moon Blindness

Repeated attacks of iridiocycliditis

Lepto and Onchocerca

24
Q

What is the differences between primary and secondary glaucoma

A

1: bilateral, inherited, malformation of filtration angle
2: unilateral, acquired, anything that obstructs: a) the flow of aqueous through the pupil or b) its exit through the trabecular meshwork.

25
Q

What are the sequela to glaucoma?

A

Buphthalmos*****

Corneal changes (edema, pannus, dessication, ulceration)

Atrophy of iris and CB

Lens (cataracts, luxation)

Retinal degeneration

Optic nerve changes

26
Q

What are some causes of retinitis?

A

Systemic infections that attack nervous tissues: distemper
MCF, FIP

Choroidal infections: Toxo and tuberculosis. retinitis has 2 T’s. thats what they stand for

27
Q

What is retinal degeneration

A

loss of photoreceptors and other retinal neurons, formation of spaces w/i the retina, loss of retinal neurons, decreased thickness of the neurosensory retina

28
Q

What causes night blindness

A

Vit A deficiency

29
Q

What causes bright blindness

A

Bracken Fern

BBB–bright blindness bracken

30
Q

What is a heritable retinal degenerational dz in dogs?

A

Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA)

31
Q

What are your 2 types of PRA

A

Generalized and central

32
Q

Which PRA is distinguished by photoreceptor dysplasia, its inherited, and the photoreceptors never reach maturity?

A

Generalized PRA

33
Q

Which is affected first, rods/cones in Generalized PRA

A

Rods

night blindness

34
Q

What are your other lesions you’ll see in generalized PRA

A

Progressive loss of inner nuclear layer

degeneration of pigment epithelium

retinal vessels disappear–total blindness

35
Q

What happens in Central PRA?

A

Primary pigment epithelial dystrophy

there is a defective intracellular phagocytosis of shed photoreceptor outer segment.

36
Q

What are the lesions of central PRA

A

LIPOFUSCIN accumulates w/i cytoplasm of RPE cells

Hypertrophy, hyperplasia and migration of the pigment epithelial cells-macules**

37
Q

Most common neoplasia?

A

SCC

38
Q

Most common neoplasia of the eyelid

A

Meibomian gland adenoma

39
Q

What is inflammation of the eyelids called

A

blepharitis

40
Q

What is a hordeolum and what are the two types

A

Its a style-suppurative

External: Moll and Zeis (think of a mole is on the outside)

Internal: Meibomian gland

41
Q

What is a STERILE granulomatous inflammation of the meibomian gland?

A

Chalazion

42
Q

What are the two types of local blepharitis

A

Hordeolum

Chalazion

43
Q

What is the second most common tumor of the canine eyelid?

A

Melanocytoma

44
Q

What is the commonest intraocular tumor-usually malignant

A

Uveal tract melanoma

Path II (12 decks)

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