Bone Flashcards
What are all the ways bone mass increases
Osteopetrosis Congenital cortical hyperostosis Craniomandibular osteopathy Hypertrophic osteodystrophy Hypertrophic osteopathy Granulomatous osteomyelitis Osteosarcoma Multiple cartilaginous exostoses Hypo/hypervitaminosis A Hypervitaminosis D Osteofluorosis Lead poisoning
All the ways bone mass can decrease?
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Chondrodysplasia/dystrophy
Osteoporosis
Fibrous osteodystrophy
All the ways bones consistancy alter?
Rickets Osteomalacia Fibrous Osteodystrophy Osteofluorosis Osteochondrosis Copper Def Fibrous Dysplasia
What condition is because there is a failure of osteoclasts to resorb the primary spongiosa
Osteopetrosis
Dog has aplastic anemia with dense thick bones that have small or no medullary cavity?
Osteopetrosis
What is it called when there is disorganization of the perichondrial ossification groove resulting in new periosteal bone formation on major long bones with possible edema
Congenital cortical hyperostosis
aka diaphyseal dysplasia
What is dz of new periosteal bone formation and irregular resorption causing irregular thickening of bones
usually in the mandibular, occipital and temporal bones and tympanic bullae
Craniomandibular osteopathy/lion jaw
4-7 mo of age
self limiting
Short legged with normal sized head
Chondrodystrophies/dysplasia
disproportionate dwarfism
Focal or multifocal failure or delay of endochondral ossification so the growth cartilage is retained
Osteochondrosis
What is a big reason for osteochondrosis
When breeds are feed in high amounts to reach maximal body weight at a young age
Well demarcated wedge of white, firm hyaline cartilage at the AE complex or physis, there is hemorrhage and mineralized debris in the adjacent bone
Osteochondrosis
Dysplasia at the Articular endochondrial complex. Formation of clefts in the retained cartilage and fracture of the overlying articular cartialge-cartilaginous or osteochondral flap
Osteochondritis dissecans
Whats a joint mouse?
Fracture of cartilaginous flap interfering with mechanical movement of the jt
What are the sequelae of OCD?
Degenerative jt dz
Ulceration and exposure of subchondral bone
lameness
What is it called when there is an imbalance between the rate of bone formation and the rate of bone resorption favoring resorption? Failure of normal osteoblastic activity and an inc removal of previously formed bone
Osteoporosis
What are some etiologies for osteoporosis
Ca def
Malnutrition
Disuse
Toxicity
What are some toxicities that will cause osteoporosis
Vit A= dec osteoblastic activity
Adriamycin= dec osteoblastic activity
Fluoride=abn osteocytes
Why would glucocorticoids cause osteoporosis
dec rate at which bone is formed which means dec amount of bone produced, and interfere with differentiation to osteoblasts
What are some of the lesions associated with osteoporosis
Cortical bone will be reduced in thickness and have inc porosity
The trabecular bone will be thinner with perforations, loss of trabeculae due to imbalance between formation and resorption
The medullary cavity is enlarged due to endosteal resorption and removal of metaphyseal cancellous bone
What is a dz of immature bone that is characterized by failure of mineralization, dz of bone AND cartilage undergoing endochondral ossification
Rickets
What is the etiology of Rickets?
HypOOOvitaminosis D
Deficiency of Ca and Phosphorous
Dec Vit D= Dec Ca ==?
Rickets
What causes softening of bones in mature animals bc there is a failure of mineralization?
Osteomalacia
What are the etiologies of osteomalacia
Def of Vit D or phosphorous
Chronic renal dz
dec synth of Vit D, which dec intestinal absorption of Ca
Chronic fluorosis
What are the lesions in Osteomalacia
Dec bone mineralization bc there is an accumulation of osteoid-which is resistant to osteoclasts==soft bones
What is required for the cross-linkage of collagin and elastin which strengthens bone,cartilage
aka in its absence you will see inc bone fragility
Copper
What do you suspect when you see visible thickenings in rapidly growing growth plates, and an inc incidence in fractures
Copper Def
What causes bilateral symmetrical physitis, and metaphyseal periosteal formation
HOD
hypertrophic osteodystrophy
What causes bilateral periosteal new bone formation in the diaphyseal region and might have intrathoracic lesions
HOP
What is HOP associated with?
Rhabdomyosarcoma of urinary bladder
Away from the elbow and towards the stifle is a common saying in what?
Osteosarcomas
