Female Repro

Question 1

What forms the male and female tubular reproductive organs?

Answer 1

Wolffian tubules/ducts and Mullerian ducts

Question 2

What part of the primordial germ cells migrate in to form the ovary?

Answer 2

Cortex

Question 3

What part of the primordial germ cells migrate in to form the testis?

Answer 3

Medulla

Question 4

What does the wolffian tubule and ducts form in the male and

Mullerian ducts in the female?

Answer 4

Male: Epididymus,
ductus deferens,
seminal vesicles,
ampulla

Female: Oviducts, uterus, cervix, anterior vagina

Question 5

What does the urogenital sinus form in the male and female

Answer 5

Prostate
bulbourethral glands

Caudal Vagina

Question 6

What does the gential tuburcle form in the male and female

Answer 6

Penis

Clitoris

Question 7

What does the genital folds form in the male and female

Answer 7

prepuce

Vulva

Question 8

What do the genital swellings form?

Answer 8

Scrotum

Vulva

Question 9

Do males or female differentiate early on?

Answer 9

Males are earlier

Question 10

What protein and factor induces undifferentiated gonad to develop into testes?

Answer 10

SRY protein

TDF

Question 11

Which cell has Mullerian inhibitory substance and transcription factor important in diff of these cells

Answer 11

Sertoli Cells

Question 12

What cells produce testosterone?

Answer 12

Interstital cells

specifically leydig cells

Question 13

What does testosterone promotes and what else does it do?

Answer 13

Development of wolffian ducts

also converts DHT by the enzyme 5alpha reductase which induces development of penis,scrotum and prostate

Question 14

What isn’t produced in females for sexual differentiation?

What is produced to help repress testicular development

Answer 14

SRY protein isn’t produced

DAX-1

Question 15

What is a true hermaphrodite?

Answer 15

Someone who has both tissues in the gonadal tissue

Question 16

what is a pseudohermaphrodite?

Answer 16

They will have male gonadal tissue or female gonadal tissue respectively

Question 17

How does a freemartin occur?

Answer 17

Female calves are born co-twin with a male calf. There is a mixing of blood via large bore anastomoses with placentas so both calves will be chimeras bc the stem cells are mixed.

Question 18

Why does a free martin occur?

Answer 18

MIS is produced in varying amounts in the female calf so the oviducts/uterus/cervix/anterio vagina do not develop properly

Question 19

Is there communication of the cranial and caudal portions of the vagina in freemartins?

Answer 19

No!!!

also the external genitalia is normal to hypoplastic

Question 20

What breed of dog does XX Sex reversal occur in?

Answer 20

Cocker Spaniels

Question 21

What happens in XX sex reversal

Answer 21

Gonadal sex does not follow chromosal sex. XX true hermaphrodites and XX males.

Question 22

XX true hermaphrodites are?

Answer 22

partially masculinized females with ovatestes

Question 23

What are male pseudohermaphrodites?

Answer 23

They have 10% testicular tissue. Their external genitalia is malformed and are cyptorchid aspermatogenic testis

Question 24

Why do these animals have abnormal development?

Answer 24

it is associated with an insertion on chromosome 9 and downregulation of RSPO1 in dogs.

Decreased or loss of this function can cause female to male sex reversal

Question 25

What spp does androgen insensitivity syndrome happen in?

Answer 25

Horses---male pseudohermaphrodites

Question 26

What happens in Androgen insensitivity syndrome?

Answer 26

There is no target organ receptor for testosterone so the wolffian ducts regress external genitalia female. XY genotype SRY produced

Question 27

What breed is persistent mullerian duct syndrome happen in?

Answer 27

Miniature schnauzers

Question 28

What is the genotype and what happens in Persistant mullerian duct syndrome?

Answer 28

XY 50% have intra-abdominal testes There is no functional MIS receptors bc of a mutation encoding for a premature stop codon in the MIS Type 2 receptor They will have male external genitalia but oviducts, uterus, cervix and anterior vaginas

Question 29

Who is uterine prolapses common in?

Answer 29

Cattle

Question 30

What does uterine prolapse follow?

Answer 30

often follows dystocia retained placentas hypocalcemia

Question 31

What are uterine ruptures associated with?

Answer 31

Pregnancy/parturition Obstetrical manipulations Prolongued dystocia, torsion

Question 32

What kind of stitch do you use for a uterine prolapse?

Answer 32

Buhner stitch

Question 33

Whats the name of the congenital disorder where a hyman without an opening completely obstructs the vagina

Answer 33

Imperforate hymen

Question 34

What can be caused by persistent Wolffian duct remnants and what can this cause

Answer 34

Gartners duct cyst hyperestrogenism, infections

Question 35

What are the viruses that can cause inflammation of the vagina and vulva?

Answer 35

IPV ECE

Question 36

What body part becomes cystic when its opening into the lateral wall of the vaginal vestibule becomes obstructed?

Answer 36

Cystic Bartholins Gland

Question 37

What are the common neoplasias of the vagina and vulva

Answer 37

Leiomyoma TVT Fibropapilloma SCC Melanoma

Question 38

What are the two groups of bovine mastitis

Answer 38

Contagious-bact that have the external surface oft he udder and teat lesions as their preferential home. Environmental-bacteria from environment that contaminates the mammary gland

Question 39

What are the bacteria that causes contagious bovine mastitis

Answer 39

Strep agalactiae, dysgalactiae Staph aureus Mycoplasma

Question 40

In this acute type of mastitis you can see heremia/edema, strands and flecks of debris in milk and usually more than one quarter is invovled

Answer 40

Strep aglactiae

Question 41

Which strep is more severe?

Answer 41

aglactiae

Question 42

Which bact causes swollen, warm, edematous quarters

Answer 42

strep dysgalactiae

Question 43

Staph aureus is coagulase positive or negative?

Answer 43

Positive

Question 44

What causes varying virulences in stap mastitis

Answer 44

Depends on the virulence factors produced/possessed by the isolate of stap aureus invovled

Question 45

Can staph cause gangrenous mastitis

Answer 45

Yes-usually around calving

Question 46

Which bact causes nodules within the parenchyma

Answer 46

mycoplasma

Question 47

What are your environmental mastitis

Answer 47

Coliform bacillus cereus Step uberis Coagulase negative staph truepurella

Question 48

Endotoxins from coliforms acts on?

Answer 48

Vasculature-constriction.

Question 49

Are coagulase negative staphs hot?

Answer 49

no

Question 50

What is also called summer mastitis or dry cow mastitis?

Answer 50

trueperella

Question 51

What is the most common bacterial cause of mastitis?

Answer 51

trueperella

Question 52

What are the causes of mastitis in small ruminants

Answer 52

staph aureus mannheimia coliforms mycoplasma

Question 53

Which bacteria causes mastitis close to the end of lactation

Answer 53

manheimia

Question 54

Which bacteria causes high fever, depression, lethary, elevated HR, during post-partum period, the endotoxic can cause shock which can lead to death

Answer 54

Coliforms

Question 55

Which bacteria causes mastitis mainly in goats?

Answer 55

Mycoplasma agalactiae

Question 56

Survivors of mycoplasma agalactiae can develop what? who is the bact common in again?

Answer 56

Goats Ocular infections arthritis

Question 57

Subclinical cases of mastitis in sm rum causes?

Answer 57

Hardbag

Question 58

What virus can cause mastitis in sm rum?

Answer 58

Visna maedi-Lentivirus CAE-lentivirus

Question 59

Who does mammary fibroadenomatous hyperplasia occur in, and how can you fix this

Answer 59

Cats young intact females one or several glands spontaneous regression or spay

Question 60

Which two glands does mammary lobular hyperplasia occur in and who?

Answer 60

Caudal two glands bitch

Question 61

Which spp primary has mammary adenomas/carcinomas

Answer 61

Dogs

Question 62

What are the tumors of the cryptorchid testes?

Answer 62

Sertoli cell tumors | Seminomas

Question 63

What could be a cause for testicular hypoplasia

Answer 63

Nutritional Zinc deficiency Chromosomal endocrine

Question 64

Testicular hypoplasia vs atrophy?

Answer 64

Epididymuis is also small

Question 65

Whats it called when animals have more than one cytogenetically distinct population of cells

Answer 65

Mosaics and Chimeras

Question 66

Different cell types arise from th esame fertilized egg is a mosaic or chimera? What is their sex genetically

Answer 66

Mosaic XXY

Question 67

Different cell types arise from different zygotes. Its a fusion of two fertilized ova or mixing of blood supplies in twining?

Answer 67

Chimera

Question 68

Male tortoise shell and male calicos are?

Answer 68

Klinefelters syndrome

Question 69

The gene for black and gene for orange are on different X chromosomes so a female cat may or may not have both colors under normal conditions. What inactivates?

Answer 69

X inactivation

Question 70

What can cause testicular atrophy?

Answer 70

Secondary to a variety of insults including trauma, partial loss of blood flow, degeneration, thermal

Question 71

whats the common cause of infertility

Answer 71

testicular degeneration

Question 72

What are some causes of thermal testicular degenerations

Answer 72

Cyrptorchid Increased scrotal fat scrotal lesions environmental temps adhesions

Question 73

What are some causes of testicular degeneration

Answer 73

Thermal Infectious conditions Nutritional deficiencies Vascular lesions Obstructive lesions toxins hormonal factors

Question 74

What does testicular degeneration look grossly and microscopically?

Answer 74

Grossly, smaller and firmer Micro: Small seminiferous tubules containing small numbers of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, few to no mature sperm

Question 75

Inflammation of: Testicles epididymis spermatichord

Answer 75

orchitidis epididymitis funucilitis

Question 76

What are the routes for orchiditis and what are some causes

Answer 76

Usually infectious agents hematogenous extension retrograde*****