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ANAPHY > Muscular > Flashcards

Muscular Flashcards

1
Q

a system of the human body that provides motor
power for all movements of the body.

A

Muscular system

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2
Q

a system of the human body that provides motor
power for all movements of the body.

A

Muscular system

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3
Q

Muscular system is composed of specialized cells called

A

Myocytes or muscle fibers

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4
Q

body tissues that provide the force for all body movements.

A

Muscles

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5
Q

There are more than ____ muscles in the body, with ___ known muscles with names.

A

700
639

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6
Q

Functions of Muscular System

A

Movement of the body
Maintenance of posture
Respiration
Production of body heat
Communication
Constriction of organ and vessels
Contraction of the heart

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7
Q

Types of muscle tissues

A

Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle

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8
Q

Constitutes approximately 40% of the body weight

A

Skeletal muscle

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9
Q

• Attached to the skeletal muscle
• Voluntary and striated

A

Skeletal muscle

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10
Q

• Located only in the heart
• Involuntary, striated

A

Cardiac muscle

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11
Q

• Can be found on visceral hollow organs like the stomach, trachea, and urinary bladder
• Involuntary, not striated

A

Smooth muscle

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12
Q

Functional characteristics of muscle tissues

A

Contractility
Excitability
Extensibility
Elasticity

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13
Q

Ability of muscle to shorten forcefully or contract.

A

Contractility

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14
Q

Ability of muscle to respond to stimulus

A

Excitability

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15
Q

Muscles can be stretched beyond its normal resting length and still be able to contract

A

Extensibility

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16
Q

Ability of muscles to recoil to its original resting length after it has been stretched.

A

Elasticity

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17
Q

attachments between muscle and bone matrix

A

tendon

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18
Q

connective tissue around muscle cells

A

Endomysium

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19
Q

connective tissue around muscle fascicles

A

Perimysium

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20
Q

Connective tissue surrounding entire musle

A

Epimysium

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21
Q

under the cell membrane

A

Unique cells with several nuclei

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22
Q

Skeletal muscle fiber range from in what length

A

1mm - 4cm

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23
Q

Alternating ___ and ___ bands gives the striated or stripped appearance.

A

light and dark

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24
Q

2 main aspect to muscle contraction

A

electrical component
mechanical component

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25
Q

electrical components

A

sarcolemma
transverse tubules or t tubules
Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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26
Q

mechanical components

A

myofibrils
myofilaments

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27
Q

cell membrane of the muscle fibers

A

sarcolemma

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28
Q

tubelike fold of the sarcolemma.

A

T tubules

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29
Q

carry electrical impulses into the center of muscle fiber so that the muscle fiber contracts as a whole

A

T tubules

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30
Q

a highly specialized ER that stores high level of Ca2+.

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

31
Q

threadlike structures that extend the
entire length of the muscle fiber.

A

Myofibrils

32
Q

2 types are actin and myosin

A

Myofilaments

33
Q

Types of myofilaments

A

Actin
Myosin

34
Q

actin and myosin are arranged into highly ordered
units called

A

Sacromeres

35
Q

joins end to end forming the myofibrils

A

sacromeres

36
Q

Actin myofilament composed of 3 separate proteins:

A

Actin
Troponin
Tropomyosin

37
Q

It is the relationship among the troponin and Tropomyosin that determines when the skeletal muscle will contract

A

Actin myofilament

38
Q

3 subunits of actin myofilament

A

(1) Anchors the troponin to the actin
(2) Prevents the tropomyosin from uncovering the
attachment site during muscle relaxation.
(3) Binds Ca2+

39
Q

long fibrous proteins that lies in the groove along
the fibrous actin strand

A

Tropomyosin

40
Q

Covers attachment site during muscle relaxation

A

Tropomyosin

41
Q

If Ca2+ is not present, the tropomyosin covers the attachment site, but with Ca2+ the ___ binds to troponin

A

attachment site

42
Q

Composed of many elongated myosin molecules shaped like golf clubs

A

Myosin filament

43
Q

Myosin molecules consist of

A

Rod portion and two myosin heads

44
Q

Smallest portion of muscle that can contract.

A

Sacromeres

45
Q

Each sarcomere extends from

A

Z disk to the next Z disk

46
Q

hold myosin filaments in place

A

M line

47
Q

Contains only myosin myofilament

A

H zone

48
Q

Darker region ; contains both actin and myosin myofilament overlapping center except in the center

A

A band

49
Q

Lighter region; contains only actin myofilament

A

I band

50
Q

Forms a stationary anchor for actin myofilaments

A

Z disk

51
Q

The primary stimulus for this action potential is the release of ___ from the motor neuron

A

acetylcholine

52
Q

contribute to the electrical properties of both resting cell
and stimulated cell.

A

Ion channels

53
Q

2 types ion channels

A

Gated
Leak

54
Q

Specific for a particular ions.

A

Leak channels

55
Q

In resting cells, it allows for the slow leak of ions down their concentration gradient.

A

Leak ion channels

56
Q

Most important in stimulated cell, and it governs the
production of action potential.

A

Gated ion channels

57
Q

The charge difference in unstimulated/relaxed cells. (NEGATIVE)

A

Resting membrane potential

58
Q

Resting membrane potential is a result of 3 factors:

A

(1)higher concentration of K+ inside; (2)Higher concentration of Na+ outside; (3)the cell
membrane is more permeable to K+ than to Na+

59
Q

The charge difference of stimulated/ excitable cell. (POSITIVE)

A

Action potential

60
Q

This charge reversal occurs because ion channels open when a cell is stimulated.

A

Action potential

61
Q

Action potential last from ___ to a ___

A

1 milliseconds to few milliseconds

62
Q

2 phases of action potential

A

Depolarization
Repolarization

63
Q

Types of muscle contraction

A

Isometric
Isotonic

64
Q

Muscle do not shorten

A

Isometric contraction

65
Q

increases tension in the muscle, but the length of the muscle stays the same.

A

Isometric contractions

66
Q

Muscles shorten

A

Isotonic contractions

67
Q

decreases the length of the muscle.

A

Isotonic contractions

68
Q

Results in increase in tension as the muscles
shortens

A

Concentric

69
Q

Tension is maintained in a muscle but opposing
resistance is great enough to cause muscle
to increase in length.

A

Eccentric

70
Q

Fascicles arranged in a circle around an opening

A

Circular

71
Q

Circular fasciles

A

Orbicular oris
Orbicular oculi

72
Q

Broadly distributed fasciles converge at a single tendon

A

Convergent

73
Q

Convergent fascicles

A

Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor

ANAPHY (13 decks)

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