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ANAPHY > Muscular > Flashcards

Muscular Flashcards

1
Q

a system of the human body that provides motor
power for all movements of the body.

A

Muscular system

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2
Q

a system of the human body that provides motor
power for all movements of the body.

A

Muscular system

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3
Q

Muscular system is composed of specialized cells called

A

Myocytes or muscle fibers

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4
Q

body tissues that provide the force for all body movements.

A

Muscles

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5
Q

There are more than ____ muscles in the body, with ___ known muscles with names.

A

700
639

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6
Q

Functions of Muscular System

A

Movement of the body
Maintenance of posture
Respiration
Production of body heat
Communication
Constriction of organ and vessels
Contraction of the heart

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7
Q

Types of muscle tissues

A

Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle

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8
Q

Constitutes approximately 40% of the body weight

A

Skeletal muscle

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9
Q

• Attached to the skeletal muscle
• Voluntary and striated

A

Skeletal muscle

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10
Q

• Located only in the heart
• Involuntary, striated

A

Cardiac muscle

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11
Q

• Can be found on visceral hollow organs like the stomach, trachea, and urinary bladder
• Involuntary, not striated

A

Smooth muscle

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12
Q

Functional characteristics of muscle tissues

A

Contractility
Excitability
Extensibility
Elasticity

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13
Q

Ability of muscle to shorten forcefully or contract.

A

Contractility

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14
Q

Ability of muscle to respond to stimulus

A

Excitability

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15
Q

Muscles can be stretched beyond its normal resting length and still be able to contract

A

Extensibility

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16
Q

Ability of muscles to recoil to its original resting length after it has been stretched.

A

Elasticity

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17
Q

attachments between muscle and bone matrix

A

tendon

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18
Q

connective tissue around muscle cells

A

Endomysium

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19
Q

connective tissue around muscle fascicles

A

Perimysium

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20
Q

Connective tissue surrounding entire musle

A

Epimysium

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21
Q

under the cell membrane

A

Unique cells with several nuclei

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22
Q

Skeletal muscle fiber range from in what length

A

1mm - 4cm

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23
Q

Alternating ___ and ___ bands gives the striated or stripped appearance.

A

light and dark

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24
Q

2 main aspect to muscle contraction

A

electrical component
mechanical component

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25
electrical components
sarcolemma transverse tubules or t tubules Sarcoplasmic reticulum
26
mechanical components
myofibrils myofilaments
27
cell membrane of the muscle fibers
sarcolemma
28
tubelike fold of the sarcolemma.
T tubules
29
carry electrical impulses into the center of muscle fiber so that the muscle fiber contracts as a whole
T tubules
30
a highly specialized ER that stores high level of Ca2+.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
31
threadlike structures that extend the entire length of the muscle fiber.
Myofibrils
32
2 types are actin and myosin
Myofilaments
33
Types of myofilaments
Actin Myosin
34
actin and myosin are arranged into highly ordered units called
Sacromeres
35
joins end to end forming the myofibrils
sacromeres
36
Actin myofilament composed of 3 separate proteins:
Actin Troponin Tropomyosin
37
It is the relationship among the troponin and Tropomyosin that determines when the skeletal muscle will contract
Actin myofilament
38
3 subunits of actin myofilament
(1) Anchors the troponin to the actin (2) Prevents the tropomyosin from uncovering the attachment site during muscle relaxation. (3) Binds Ca2+
39
long fibrous proteins that lies in the groove along the fibrous actin strand
Tropomyosin
40
Covers attachment site during muscle relaxation
Tropomyosin
41
If Ca2+ is not present, the tropomyosin covers the attachment site, but with Ca2+ the ___ binds to troponin
attachment site
42
Composed of many elongated myosin molecules shaped like golf clubs
Myosin filament
43
Myosin molecules consist of
Rod portion and two myosin heads
44
Smallest portion of muscle that can contract.
Sacromeres
45
Each sarcomere extends from
Z disk to the next Z disk
46
hold myosin filaments in place
M line
47
Contains only myosin myofilament
H zone
48
Darker region ; contains both actin and myosin myofilament overlapping center except in the center
A band
49
Lighter region; contains only actin myofilament
I band
50
Forms a stationary anchor for actin myofilaments
Z disk
51
The primary stimulus for this action potential is the release of ___ from the motor neuron
acetylcholine
52
contribute to the electrical properties of both resting cell and stimulated cell.
Ion channels
53
2 types ion channels
Gated Leak
54
Specific for a particular ions.
Leak channels
55
In resting cells, it allows for the slow leak of ions down their concentration gradient.
Leak ion channels
56
Most important in stimulated cell, and it governs the production of action potential.
Gated ion channels
57
The charge difference in unstimulated/relaxed cells. (NEGATIVE)
Resting membrane potential
58
Resting membrane potential is a result of 3 factors:
(1)higher concentration of K+ inside; (2)Higher concentration of Na+ outside; (3)the cell membrane is more permeable to K+ than to Na+
59
The charge difference of stimulated/ excitable cell. (POSITIVE)
Action potential
60
This charge reversal occurs because ion channels open when a cell is stimulated.
Action potential
61
Action potential last from ___ to a ___
1 milliseconds to few milliseconds
62
2 phases of action potential
Depolarization Repolarization
63
Types of muscle contraction
Isometric Isotonic
64
Muscle do not shorten
Isometric contraction
65
increases tension in the muscle, but the length of the muscle stays the same.
Isometric contractions
66
Muscles shorten
Isotonic contractions
67
decreases the length of the muscle.
Isotonic contractions
68
Results in increase in tension as the muscles shortens
Concentric
69
Tension is maintained in a muscle but opposing resistance is great enough to cause muscle to increase in length.
Eccentric
70
Fascicles arranged in a circle around an opening
Circular
71
Circular fasciles
Orbicular oris Orbicular oculi
72
Broadly distributed fasciles converge at a single tendon
Convergent
73
Convergent fascicles
Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor

ANAPHY (18 decks)

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