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ANAPHY > Digestive > Flashcards

Digestive Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of digestive system

A

Ingestion and mastication
Propulsion and mixing
Digestion and secretion
Absorption
Elimination

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2
Q

Consumption of solid or liquid food usually through the mouth.

A

Ingestion

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3
Q

chewing

A

Mastication

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4
Q

the movement of food form
one end of the digestive tract to the other.

A

Propulsion

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5
Q

the movement of food back and
forth in the digestive tract.

A

Mixing

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6
Q

is the breakdown of large
organic molecules into smaller
molecules.

A

Digestion

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7
Q

the addition of
liquid, enzymes and mucus to the ingested food.

A

Secretion

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8
Q

Digestion occurs through

A

Mechanical anc chemical

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9
Q

Removal of the undigested material such as fiber from food, and other waste
products from the body as feces

A

Elimination

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10
Q

Movement of molecules out of the digestive tract into the blood or lymphatic
system.

A

Absorption

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11
Q

Consist digestive/gastrointestinal tract and associated organs

A

Anatomy of digestive system

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12
Q

Serous membrane that lines the Peritoneal cavity

A

Peritoneum

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13
Q

TUNICS/LAYERS OF THE GI TRACT

A

Serosa
Muscularis (outer layer)
Muscularis (inner layer)
Submucosa
Mucosa
Mesentry

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14
Q

Visceral peritoneum / adventitia

A

Serosa

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15
Q

Longitudinal smooth muscle

A

Muscularis (outer layter)

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16
Q

Circular smooth muscle

A

Muscularis (inner layer)

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17
Q

Blood and lymphatic
vessels and plexus

A

submucosa

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18
Q

Types of mucosa

A

1.Mucous epithelium
2.Lamina propria
3.Muscularis mucosae

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19
Q

the serosa on each side of the tube fuses together to form a suspensory structure

A

Mesentry

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20
Q

the serosa on each side of the tube fuses
together to form a

A

Suspensory structure

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21
Q

General term referring to serous membranes attached to the
abdominal organs.

A

Mesentry

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22
Q

Types of mesentry

A

Mesentry proper
Lesser omentum
Greater omentum

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23
Q

Associated with small
intestine

A

Mesentry proper

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24
Q

connects the lesser
curvature of the stomach to the liver and diaphragm

A

Lesser omentum

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25
Q

connects the greater
curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon
and posterior body wall

A

Greater omentum

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26
Q

Oral cavity divided into 2 regions

A

1) space between the lips or cheeks and the teeth (2) oral cavity proper
which lies inside the teeth and houses the tongue

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27
Q

important in
the process of
mastication.

A

Lips and cheeks

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28
Q

large
muscular organ that
occupies most of the
oral cavity

A

Tongue

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29
Q

the teeth of an adult is called

A

Secondary/Permanent (32)

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30
Q

Childhood teeth

A

primary /deciduous (20)

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31
Q

The bulk of the tooth is formed by living cellular calcified tissue called

A

Dentin

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32
Q

The dentin is covered by ___ in the crown region.

A

enamel

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33
Q

contains
pulp which consist of blood vessels.

A

Pulp cavity

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34
Q

Each teach is held in place within
pockets in the bone called

A

Alveoli

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35
Q

alveoli are covered by

A

Gingiva
Gums

36
Q

forms the roof of the oral cavity that separates the oral from nasal cavity.

A

Palate

37
Q

Palate consist of 2 parts

A

Hard and soft palate

38
Q

anterior part that contains the
bone

A

Hard palate

39
Q

posterior parts and contains
skeletal muscle and connective tissue.

A

Soft palate

40
Q

the posterior extension of the soft plate

A

Uvula

41
Q

produce saliva and regulated primarily by Autonomic
nervous system with parasympathetic stimulation.

A

salivary glands

42
Q

Salivary gland has

A

Parotid gland
Submandibular
Sublingual glands

43
Q

serous gland
located just anterior to each ear.

A

Parotid glands

44
Q

enter the oral cavity
through the 2nd upper molar

A

Parotid ducts

45
Q

located below
the mandible. Produce more serous than mucous secretions

A

Submandibular

46
Q

smallest gland
and produce mainly mucous
secretions

A

Sublingual glands

47
Q

Salivia daily

A

0.5 - 1.5 L

48
Q

Saliva is a mixture of

A

Serous (watery)
Mucous fluids

49
Q

contains mucin that is stimulated
by sympathetic

A

Mucous fluids

50
Q

which food is crushed and mixed with saliva to form a bolus for swallowing Increases efficiency of digestion

A

Mastication or chewing

51
Q

connects the mouth to the
esophagus.

A

Pharynx

52
Q

Thre parts of pharynx

A

Oropharynx
Nasopharynx
Laryngopharynx

53
Q

moist stratified squamous epithelium, that extends from the pharynx to the stomach.

A

Esophagus

54
Q

25 cm long and lies anterior to the vertebrae and posterior to the trachea

A

Esophagus

55
Q

muscular hollow organ which temporarily stores ingested food and
continue the process of mechanical digestion.

A

Stomach

56
Q

Made up of simple columnar epithelium. It
has a ‘J’ shape, and features a lesser and greater curvature.

A

Stomach

57
Q

The stomach has four major
regions:

A

cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus.

58
Q

produce a churning action in
the stomach.

A

Muscularis layer

59
Q

semifluid mixture of food and gastric secretions

A

Chyme

60
Q

Stomach secretions (2 L) of the Gastric glands include four substances.

A

Hydrochloric acid
Pepsin
Mucus
Intrinsic factor

61
Q

Inactive form of pepsin

A

Pepsinogen

62
Q

kills microorganism and activates the enzyme,
pepsin (produced by parietal cells)

A

Hydrochloric acid

63
Q

breaks covalent bond of proteins
to from smaller peptide chains (produced by chief cells)

A

Pepsim

64
Q

lubricates the epithelial cells of the stomach wall (mucous
neck cells & surface mucous cells)

A

Mucus

65
Q

binds with vit b12 and makes its more readily absorbed
in the small intestine (produced by parietal cells)

A

Intrinsic factor

66
Q

hormones produced by stomach and small intestine

A

Hormone mechanisms

67
Q

Nervous

A

CNS reflex– medulla oblongata and Local reflex – enteric plexus in
the wall of GT

68
Q

3 phase of Stomach secretion

A

Cephalic phase
Gastric phase
Intestinal phase phase

69
Q

brain phase of the stomach
secretions.

A

Cephalic phase

70
Q

produces the greatest
volume of gastric secretions.
Activated by the presence of
food in the stomach.

A

Gastric phase

71
Q

inhibits gastric secretions. of food in the stomach. It is controlled by the entrance of acidic chyme into the duodenum, which initiates
both neural and hormonal
mechanisms

A

Intestinal phase

72
Q

Movement in the stomach

A

Mixing and peristaltic wave

73
Q

weak
contractions

A

Mixing waves

74
Q

strong
contractions

A

Peristaltic waves

75
Q

major function is absorption of nutrient. It is about 6 m long and consist of three parts.

A

Small intestine

76
Q

Three parts of small intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunu
Ileum

77
Q

smallest section (25 cm long)
- described as a C-shaped located
below the stomach that surrounds
the pancreas

A

Duodenum

78
Q

-2.5 m long that absorb sugars,
amino acids, and fatty acids.

A

Jejunum

79
Q

longest part (3.5 m long)
It absorbs any final nutrients, with major
absorptive products being vitamin B12 and
bile acids.

A

Ileum

80
Q

small aggregates
of lymphatic tissue found in the
mucosa of the ileum

A

Peyer’s patches

81
Q

The mucosa and submucosa form a series of

A

Circular folds

82
Q

Tiny, fingerlike projections of the
mucosa form numerous ___, which
are 0.5–1.5 mm long

A

villi

83
Q

Each villus is covered by simple
columnar epithelium. numerous
cytoplasmic extensions,
called

A

Microvilli

84
Q

retroperitoneal and posterior to the stomach

A

Pancreas

85
Q

composed of both endocrine and exocrine tissues

A

Pancreas

ANAPHY (18 decks)

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