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ANAPHY > Cell > Flashcards

Cell Flashcards

1
Q

the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. When you define cell properties, you define the properties of life.

A

Cell

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2
Q

have many characteristics in common; however, most of it are also specialized to perform specific functions.

A

Cell

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3
Q

According to ______, the biochemical activities of cells are dictated by their shapes or forms, and by the relative number of their specific subcellular structures.

A

the principle of complementarity of structure and function

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4
Q

FUNCTIONS OF CELL

A

Cell Metabolism
Synthesis of Molecules
Communication
Reproduction

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5
Q

Major parts of the cell

A

Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

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6
Q

Outermost component of the cell

A

Plasma membrane

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7
Q

Forms the boundary between material inside the cell and material outside it.

A

Plasma membrane

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8
Q

Lipid molecules

A

Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic

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9
Q

Account for about 5% of total membrane lipids

A

Glycolipid

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10
Q

Fuzzy, sticky, carbohydrate-rich area at the cell surface

A

Glycocalyx

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11
Q

Account for about 20% of total membrane lipids

A

Cholesterol

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12
Q

Embedded within the lipid bilayer

A

Integral proteins

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13
Q

Complex network of protein filaments and tubules

A

Filament of cytoskeleton

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14
Q

Associated with the membrane’s surface

A

Peripheral proteins

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15
Q

The cellular material between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

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16
Q

Site of most cellular activities

A

Cytoplasm

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17
Q

Fluid portion of the cytoplasm that surrounds organelles and constitutes about 55% of total cell volume

A

Cytosol

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18
Q

Metabolic machinery of the cell

A

Organelles

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19
Q

serve as the cell’s primary power plant by producing the majority of its ATP

A

Mitochondria

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20
Q

the molecule responsible for strong and releasing energy.

A

Adenosine triphosphate, ATP

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21
Q

The process by which mitochondria generate ATP is known as

A

Aerobic cellular respiration

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22
Q

The inner membrane forms shelf-like structures called

A

Cristae

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23
Q

contain enzymes essential for breaking down intermediate products of food fuels.

A

Cristae

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24
Q

Small, dark-staining granules composed of proteins and a variety of RNAs

A

Ribosomal RNAs

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25
Q

Sites of protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

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26
Q

Consist of two ribosomal populations

A

Free ribosomes
Membrane-bound ribosomes

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27
Q

Extensive system of interconnected tubes and parallel membranes enclosing fluid-filled cavities, or cisterns.

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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28
Q

ER, Composed of two distinctive varieties:

A

Rough and Smooth ER

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29
Q

Consists of stacked and flattened membranous sacs, shapes like hollow dinner plates, associated with swarms of tiny membranous vesicles

A

Golgi apparatus

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30
Q

It collects, modifies, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids manufactured by the ER

A

Golgi apparatus

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31
Q

A vesicle is a small, membrane bound sac that transports or stores materials within the cell

A

Secretory vesicles

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32
Q

pinch off from the Golgi apparatus and move to the surface of the cell

A

Secretory vesicles

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33
Q

A membrane-bound vesicle

A

Lysosome

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34
Q

large and abundant in phagocytes, teh cells that dispose of invading bacteria and cell debris

A

Lysosome

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35
Q

large and abundant in phagocytes, teh cells that dispose of invading bacteria and cell debris

A

Lysosome

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36
Q

Internal protein framework of various threadlike filaments and hollow tubules that gives the cytoplasm strength and flexibility

A

Cytoskeleton

37
Q

a specialized area of cytoplasm close to the nucleus

A

Centrosome

38
Q

project from the surface
of the cells and are capable of
moving.

39
Q

much longer than cilia which propels the cell itself.

40
Q

specialized extensions of the cell membrane that are supported by microfilaments.

A

Microvilli

41
Q

Its function is to increase the surface area of cells.

A

Microvilli

42
Q

a large organelle typically
located near the center of the cell.

43
Q

Bounded by a nuclear envelope consisting of
outer and inner membranes with a narrow
space between them.

44
Q

allow materials to pass into or out of the nucleus.

A

Nucleus pores

45
Q

contain 23 pairs of chromosomes composed of DNA and proteins.

A

Human cell nuclei

46
Q

loosely coiled during most of a cell’s life (chromatin) and become tightly coiled before cell division.

A

Chromosomes

47
Q

Movement of a solute from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration within a solvent.

48
Q

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable
membrane from a region of higher water concentration
to one of lower water concentration.

49
Q

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable
membrane from a region of higher water concentration
to one of lower water concentration.

50
Q

Force required to prevent the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

A

Osmotic pressure

51
Q

Force required to prevent the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

A

Osmotic pressure

52
Q

Cells retain their normal size and shape (equal amount of solute and solvent)

A

Isotonic solutions

53
Q

Cells retain their normal size and shape (equal amount of solute and solvent)

A

Isotonic solutions

54
Q

Cells lose water by osmosis and shrink (greater solutes outside the cell)

A

Hypertonic solutions

55
Q

Cells take on water until they become bloated and burst (greater solutes inside the cell)

A

Hypotonic solutions

56
Q

Movement into cells by vesicles

A

Endocytosis

57
Q

Movement into cells by vesicles

A

Endocytosis

58
Q

movement of solid material into cells

A

Phagocytosis

59
Q

similar to phagocytosis, except that the material ingested is much smaller and in in solution (liquids)

A

Pinocytosis

60
Q

movement out of cells by vesicles

A

Exocytosis

61
Q

The movement of a substance across a membrane by means of a carrier molecule.

A

Carrier mediated transport mechanisms

62
Q

moves substances from a higher to lower concentration and does not require energy in the form of ATP

A

Facilitated diffusion

63
Q

moves substances from a higher to lower concentration and does not require energy in the form of ATP

A

Facilitated diffusion

64
Q

can move substances from lower to higher concentration and requires ATP

A

Active transport

65
Q

uses energy of one substance
moving down its concentration gradient to move another substance across the cell membrane.

A

Secondary active transport

66
Q

uses energy of one substance
moving down its concentration gradient to move another substance across the cell membrane.

A

Secondary active transport

67
Q

regulated by enzymes and DNA controls enzyme
production.

A

Cell activity

68
Q

consists of nucleotides joined together to form
two nucleotide strands.

A

DNA molecule

69
Q

consists of nucleotides joined together to form
two nucleotide strands.

A

DNA molecule

70
Q

sequence of nucleotides providing a chemical set of
instructions for making a specific protein.

71
Q

non-dividing phase

A

Interphase

72
Q

also known as ”mitosis.” This is responsible for
growth and tissue repair. This involves ALL cells EXCEPT sex cells.

A

Somatic cell devision

73
Q

also known as “meiosis.” This is
responsible for reproduction. The cells involve here are sex cells.

A

Reproductive cell division

74
Q

DNA is found as thin threads of chromatin
in the nucleus. DNA replication occurs.

A

Interphase

75
Q

Stages of interphase

A

G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase

76
Q

also called the first gap phase, the cell grows physically larger, copies organelles,

77
Q

the cell synthesizes a complete copy of the DNA in its
nucleus

78
Q

In this phase, the cell grows more, makes proteins and
organelles, and begins to reorganize its contents

79
Q

In this phase, the cell grows more, makes proteins and
organelles, and begins to reorganize its contents

80
Q

a parent cell divides to form two daughter cells with
the same amount and type of DNA as the parent cell.

81
Q

each chromosome consists of two chromatids joined at
the centromere

82
Q

chromosomes align at the center of the cells.

83
Q

chromatids separate at the centromere and migrate to
opposite poles.

84
Q

two daughter cells are formed

85
Q

The process by which cells develop with specialized structures and functions is called

A

Differentiation

86
Q

Refers to all the chemical reactions that occur within a cell to maintain life, growth, and energy production.

A

Cell metabolism

87
Q

consists of the set of metabolic pathways that involve the
synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones. This process requires energy input.

88
Q
  • involves the breakdown of complex molecules into
    simpler ones, releasing energy in the process.
A

Catabolism

ANAPHY (18 decks)

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