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ANAPHY > Cell > Flashcards

Cell Flashcards

1
Q

the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. When you define cell properties, you define the properties of life.

A

Cell

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2
Q

have many characteristics in common; however, most of it are also specialized to perform specific functions.

A

Cell

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3
Q

According to ______, the biochemical activities of cells are dictated by their shapes or forms, and by the relative number of their specific subcellular structures.

A

the principle of complementarity of structure and function

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4
Q

FUNCTIONS OF CELL

A

Cell Metabolism
Synthesis of Molecules
Communication
Reproduction

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5
Q

Major parts of the cell

A

Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

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6
Q

Outermost component of the cell

A

Plasma membrane

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7
Q

Forms the boundary between material inside the cell and material outside it.

A

Plasma membrane

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8
Q

Lipid molecules

A

Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic

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9
Q

Account for about 5% of total membrane lipids

A

Glycolipid

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10
Q

Fuzzy, sticky, carbohydrate-rich area at the cell surface

A

Glycocalyx

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11
Q

Account for about 20% of total membrane lipids

A

Cholesterol

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12
Q

Embedded within the lipid bilayer

A

Integral proteins

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13
Q

Complex network of protein filaments and tubules

A

Filament of cytoskeleton

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14
Q

Associated with the membrane’s surface

A

Peripheral proteins

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15
Q

The cellular material between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

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16
Q

Site of most cellular activities

A

Cytoplasm

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17
Q

Fluid portion of the cytoplasm that surrounds organelles and constitutes about 55% of total cell volume

A

Cytosol

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18
Q

Metabolic machinery of the cell

A

Organelles

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19
Q

serve as the cell’s primary power plant by producing the majority of its ATP

A

Mitochondria

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20
Q

the molecule responsible for strong and releasing energy.

A

Adenosine triphosphate, ATP

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21
Q

The process by which mitochondria generate ATP is known as

A

Aerobic cellular respiration

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22
Q

The inner membrane forms shelf-like structures called

A

Cristae

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23
Q

contain enzymes essential for breaking down intermediate products of food fuels.

A

Cristae

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24
Q

Small, dark-staining granules composed of proteins and a variety of RNAs

A

Ribosomal RNAs

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25
Sites of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
26
Consist of two ribosomal populations
Free ribosomes Membrane-bound ribosomes
27
Extensive system of interconnected tubes and parallel membranes enclosing fluid-filled cavities, or cisterns.
Endoplasmic reticulum
28
ER, Composed of two distinctive varieties:
Rough and Smooth ER
29
Consists of stacked and flattened membranous sacs, shapes like hollow dinner plates, associated with swarms of tiny membranous vesicles
Golgi apparatus
30
It collects, modifies, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids manufactured by the ER
Golgi apparatus
31
A vesicle is a small, membrane bound sac that transports or stores materials within the cell
Secretory vesicles
32
pinch off from the Golgi apparatus and move to the surface of the cell
Secretory vesicles
33
A membrane-bound vesicle
Lysosome
34
large and abundant in phagocytes, teh cells that dispose of invading bacteria and cell debris
Lysosome
35
large and abundant in phagocytes, teh cells that dispose of invading bacteria and cell debris
Lysosome
36
Internal protein framework of various threadlike filaments and hollow tubules that gives the cytoplasm strength and flexibility
Cytoskeleton
37
a specialized area of cytoplasm close to the nucleus
Centrosome
38
project from the surface of the cells and are capable of moving.
Cilia
39
much longer than cilia which propels the cell itself.
Flagella
40
specialized extensions of the cell membrane that are supported by microfilaments.
Microvilli
41
Its function is to increase the surface area of cells.
Microvilli
42
a large organelle typically located near the center of the cell.
Nucleus
43
Bounded by a nuclear envelope consisting of outer and inner membranes with a narrow space between them.
Nucleus
44
allow materials to pass into or out of the nucleus.
Nucleus pores
45
contain 23 pairs of chromosomes composed of DNA and proteins.
Human cell nuclei
46
loosely coiled during most of a cell's life (chromatin) and become tightly coiled before cell division.
Chromosomes
47
Movement of a solute from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration within a solvent.
Diffusion
48
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to one of lower water concentration.
Osmosis
49
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to one of lower water concentration.
Osmosis
50
Force required to prevent the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
Osmotic pressure
51
Force required to prevent the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
Osmotic pressure
52
Cells retain their normal size and shape (equal amount of solute and solvent)
Isotonic solutions
53
Cells retain their normal size and shape (equal amount of solute and solvent)
Isotonic solutions
54
Cells lose water by osmosis and shrink (greater solutes outside the cell)
Hypertonic solutions
55
Cells take on water until they become bloated and burst (greater solutes inside the cell)
Hypotonic solutions
56
Movement into cells by vesicles
Endocytosis
57
Movement into cells by vesicles
Endocytosis
58
movement of solid material into cells
Phagocytosis
59
similar to phagocytosis, except that the material ingested is much smaller and in in solution (liquids)
Pinocytosis
60
movement out of cells by vesicles
Exocytosis
61
The movement of a substance across a membrane by means of a carrier molecule.
Carrier mediated transport mechanisms
62
moves substances from a higher to lower concentration and does not require energy in the form of ATP
Facilitated diffusion
63
moves substances from a higher to lower concentration and does not require energy in the form of ATP
Facilitated diffusion
64
can move substances from lower to higher concentration and requires ATP
Active transport
65
uses energy of one substance moving down its concentration gradient to move another substance across the cell membrane.
Secondary active transport
66
uses energy of one substance moving down its concentration gradient to move another substance across the cell membrane.
Secondary active transport
67
regulated by enzymes and DNA controls enzyme production.
Cell activity
68
consists of nucleotides joined together to form two nucleotide strands.
DNA molecule
69
consists of nucleotides joined together to form two nucleotide strands.
DNA molecule
70
sequence of nucleotides providing a chemical set of instructions for making a specific protein.
Gene
71
non-dividing phase
Interphase
72
also known as ”mitosis.” This is responsible for growth and tissue repair. This involves ALL cells EXCEPT sex cells.
Somatic cell devision
73
also known as “meiosis.” This is responsible for reproduction. The cells involve here are sex cells.
Reproductive cell division
74
DNA is found as thin threads of chromatin in the nucleus. DNA replication occurs.
Interphase
75
Stages of interphase
G1 phase S phase G2 phase
76
also called the first gap phase, the cell grows physically larger, copies organelles,
G1 phase
77
the cell synthesizes a complete copy of the DNA in its nucleus
S phase
78
In this phase, the cell grows more, makes proteins and organelles, and begins to reorganize its contents
G2 phase
79
In this phase, the cell grows more, makes proteins and organelles, and begins to reorganize its contents
G2 phase
80
a parent cell divides to form two daughter cells with the same amount and type of DNA as the parent cell.
Mitosis
81
each chromosome consists of two chromatids joined at the centromere
Prophase
82
chromosomes align at the center of the cells.
Metaphase
83
chromatids separate at the centromere and migrate to opposite poles.
Anaphase
84
two daughter cells are formed
Telophase
85
The process by which cells develop with specialized structures and functions is called
Differentiation
86
Refers to all the chemical reactions that occur within a cell to maintain life, growth, and energy production.
Cell metabolism
87
consists of the set of metabolic pathways that involve the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones. This process requires energy input.
Anabolism
88
- involves the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy in the process.
Catabolism

ANAPHY (18 decks)

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