Axial Skeleton Flashcards
1
Q
Axial Skeleton composed of the following bones:
A
Skull
Auditory Ossciles
Hyoid bone
Vertebrae
Thoracic Cage
2
Q
how many bones in skull?
A
22
3
Q
how many bones are in auditory ossicles?
A
6
4
Q
how many bones are in hyoid bone?
A
1
5
Q
how many bones are im vertebrae?
A
26
6
Q
how many bones are in thoracic cage?
A
25
7
Q
total axial bones
A
80
8
Q
bone markings classified into three:
A
articulating
non-articulating
depressions and opening
9
Q
articulating
A
head
condyle
facet
10
Q
enlarged end
A
head
11
Q
smooth rounded articular surface
A
condyle
12
Q
smooth flattened surface
A
facet
13
Q
non-articulating
A
tuberosity
process
crest
tubercle
line
14
Q
knob/enlargement
A
tuberosity
15
Q
prominent projection
A
process
16
Q
prominent ridge
A
crest
17
Q
small rounded projection
A
tubercle
18
Q
elongated ridge
A
line
19
Q
depressions and openings
A
foramen
fossa
meatus
fissure
sinus
20
Q
opening/hole
A
Foramen
21
Q
depression
A
fossa
22
Q
tunnel-like opening
A
meatus
23
Q
cavity
A
sinus
24
Q
cavity
A
sinus
25
cleft
fissure
26
The skull has 22 bones and is divided into two
parts:
a) Calvarium/Cranium
b) Cranial base/ Facial bones
27
STEP OF 8
Sphenoid
Temporal
Ethmoid
Parietal
Occipital
Frontal
28
Forms forehead, superior part of orbits, and most of the anterior cranial fossa; contains sinuses
Frontal bone
29
Parts of frontal bone
Squamous
Supraorbital margins
Supraorbital foramen
Glabella
30
forehead, the most anterior part of the frontal area
squamous
31
thickened part which lie under the eyebrows. This is where the forehead ends.
Supraorbital margin
32
passageway of supraorbital artery and nerves.
Supraorbital foramen
33
Form most of the superior and lateral aspects of the skull
Parietal bones
34
Form most of the superior and lateral aspects of the skull
Parietal bones
35
interlocking joints of the skull
Sutures
36
parts of the parietal bones
Coronal suture
Lamboid suture
Squamous suture
Sagittal suture
37
joint between the parietal and frontal bone.
coronal suture
38
joint between the parietal and occipital bone.
Lamboid suture
39
joint between the parietal and temporal bone.
Squamous suture
40
joint between two parietal bones.
Sagittal suture
41
Form inferolateral aspects of the skull and contribute
to the middle cranial fossa
Temporal bone
42
Best viewed on lateral position
Temporal bones
43
major parts of temporal bones
Squamous
Tympanic
Petrous
44
Mandibular fossa + Condylar Process (mandible) =
Temporomandibular joint
45
temporal bone - squamous
zygomatic arch
TMJ
46
when the zygomatic process of the
temporal bone meets the zygomatic bone, it forms an arch
zygomatic arch
47
condylar process of the
mandible articulates with the mandibular fossa
Temporomandibular joint
48
Temporal bone - tympanic
External auditory meatus
49
through which the sound enters
the ear, thus enables sound waves to reach the eardrum.
External auditory meatus
50
Temporal bone - petrous
Middle cranial fossa
Jugular foramen
Caratoid canal
Foramen lacerum
Internal acoustic meatus
Mastoid process
Styloid process
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
51
supports the temporal brain
Middle cranial fossa
52
passageway of the jugular vein
Jugular foramen
53
Transmits the internal carotid artery into the cranial
cavity.
Carotid canal
54
between petrous temporal and sphenoid. Most
medial portion
Foramen lacerum
55
transmits cranial nerves.
Internal auditory meatus
56
which acts as an anchoring site for some neck
muscles. Can be felt as a lump just posterior to the ear.
Mastoid process
57
The mastoid has many air cavities called
Mastoid air cells
58
needle like process which is not just for neck
attachment but also for tongue muscles.
Styloid process
59
allows passage of the maxillary division of
cranial nerve V.
Foramen rotundum
60
allows passage of the mandibular division of cranial
nerve V.
Foramen ovale
61
allows passage of the mandibular division of cranial
nerve V.
Foramen ovale
62
allows passage of the middle meningeal
artery.
Foramen spinosum
63
supports the cerebellum
Posterior cranial fossa
64
largest foramen of the skull, spinal cord passes through.
Foramen Magnum
65
located on each lateral side of the foramen magnum. This is where C1 articulates.
Occipital condyles
66
located on each lateral side of the foramen magnum. This is where C1 articulates.
Occipital condyles
67
Most bulging part of the posterior skull.
External occipital protuberance
68
Forms posterior aspect and most of the base of the skull
Occipital bone
69
Keystone of the cranium; contributes to the middle cranial fossa and orbits;
Sphenoid bone
70
which forms the center of the sphenoid bone.
Body of the sphenoid
71
houses the pituitary gland
Sella turcica
72
medial process, horn-like
Lesser wing
73
projects laterally
Greater wing
74
interior portion, which serves as an attachment for pterygoid muscles for chewing
Pterygoid process
75
Helps to form the anterior cranial fossa; forms part of the nasal septum and the lateral walls and roof of the nasal cavity; contributes to the medial wall of the orbit
Ethmoid bone
76
helps form the root of the nasal cavities
and floor of the anterior cranial fossa
Criniform plate
77
the dura matter, specifically the falx cerebri of
the brain is attached to this structure to help secure the
brain in the cranial cavity
Crista galli
78
inferior portion, which divides the nasal cavity from right to left.
Perpendicular plate
79
parts of skull: calvarium
vomer
inferior nasal conchae 2
nasal 2
maxilla 2
mandible 2
palatine 2
zygoma 2
lacrimal 2
80
the lower jaw
mandible
81
parts of the mandible
Paired rami
Condylar process
Coronoid process
Mandibular foramina
Mental foramina
82
Between each ramus
Paired rami
83
the body of mandible is a formed angle known as
mandibular angle
84
articulate with the temporal bones in the TMJ of the jaw
Condylar process
85
insertion points for the temporalis muscle
Coronoid process
86
permit the inferior alveolar nerves to pass.
Mandibular foramina
87
allow blood vessels and nerves to pass to the chin and lower lip.
Mental foramina
88
Form the upper jaw and parts of the hard palate, orbits, and nasal cavity walls
Maxilla
89
Parts of maxilla
Anterior nasal spine
Infraorbital foramen
90
bony projection located at the midline of the maxilla (upper jaw) at the lower end of the nasal cavity.
Anterior nasal spine
91
allows passage of the the infraorbital nerve to the skin of face.
Infraorbital foramen
92
Form the cheeks and part of the orbits
Zygoma
93
Articulations of zygoma
Maxilla
Frontal bone
Temporal bone
94
Form the bridge of the nose
Nasal bone
95
Articulations of nasal bone
Maxilla
Frontal bone
Perpendicular plate
96
Form part of the medial orbit wall
Lacrimal
97
houses the lacrimal sac, which helps to
drain the tears into the nasal cavity.
Lacrimal fossa
98
Form posterior part of the hard palate and a small part of nasal cavity and orbit
walls
Palatine
99
medial fusion point of the horizontal plates of the palatine bones which form the posterior part of the hard palate.
Median palatine suture
100
Inferior part of the nasal septum
Vomer
101
Lateral walls of the nasal septum
Inferior nasal conchae
102
Lateral walls of the nasal septum
Inferior nasal conchae
103
only bone of the body that does not articulate
directly with any other bone.
Hyoid bone
104
Three bones in the middle ear that are among the smallest bones in the human body.
Auditory ossicles
105
Vertebral column
Backbone
33 bones (infant)
26 bones (adult)
5 regions
106
5 regions of vertebral column
Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacral 1-5
coccygeal 1-4
107
Curves
Cervical lordosis (concave)
Thoracic kyphosis (convex)
Lumbar lordosis (concave)
Sacral kyohosis (convex)
108
consists of a body, or centrum, anteriorly and a
vertebral arch posteriorly.
Vetebra
109
The disc-shaped body is the weight- bearing
region.
Vertebra
110
flattened plates that fuse in the median plane, complete
the arch posteriorly.
Laminae
111
short bony pillars projecting posteriorly from the vertebral body, form the sides of the arch.
Pedicles
112
a median posterior projection arising at the junction
of the two laminae.
Spinous process
113
extends laterally from each side of the vertebral arch.
Transverse process
114
protrude superiorly and inferiorly respectively from the pedicle.
Superior and inferior articular facet
115
includes the manubrium, body of sternum,
and the xiphoid process. It lies in the anterior midline of the thorax.
Sternum
116
includes the manubrium, body of sternum,
and the xiphoid process. It lies in the anterior midline of the thorax.
Sternum
117
consists of 24 pairs.
Ribs
118
first to seventh pair
True ribs
119
The eleventh and twelfth pairs
are specifically considered as
Floating ribs
