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ANAPHY > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

The only fluid tissue in the body

A

Blood

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2
Q

Specialized connective tissue in which living blood cells, called the

A

Formed elements

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3
Q

suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix called

A

Plasma

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4
Q

Total blood volume in an average adult is about ___ in females and ___ in males

A

4-5
5-6

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5
Q

Blood makes up __ of the total weight of the body.

A

8%

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6
Q

Blood components

A
  1. Withdraw blood and place in tube
  2. Centrifuge the blood sample
  3. Plasma, buffy coat and erythrocytes
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7
Q

55% of the whole blood

A

Plasma

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8
Q

Least dense component

A

Plasma

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9
Q

Leukocytes and platelets

A

Buffy coat

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10
Q

<1% of whole blood

A

Buffy coat

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11
Q

45% of whole blood (hematocrit)

A

Erythrocytes

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12
Q

Most dense component

A

Erythrocytes

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13
Q

Formed elements

A

Buffy coat and erythrocytes

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14
Q

Blood – Physical Characteristics

A

• Sticky, opaque fluid with a metallic taste
• Color varies from scarlet to dark red.
• Blood is denser than water and about five times
more viscous, largely because of the formed
elements.
• Slightly alkaline (pH – 7.35-7.45)

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15
Q

Functions of blood

A

Protection
Distribution
Regulation

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16
Q

A pale - yellow fluid

A

Plasma

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17
Q

Plasma consists of about:

A

• 91% water
• 7% proteins
• 2% other solutes

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18
Q

Plasma proteins include the following:

A

• Albumin 58%
• Globulin 38%
• Fibrinogen 4%

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19
Q

Contributes to osmotic
pressure

A

Albumin

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20
Q

Composed of gamma,
alpha and beta

A

Globulin

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21
Q

Contributes to blood
clot

A

Fibrinogen

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22
Q

The process of blood cell production

A

Hematopoiesis

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23
Q

All the formed elements of the blood are derived
from a single population of cells called

A

Stem cells

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24
Q

Formed elements composed of the following:

A

• 95% of red blood cells (erythrocytes)
• 5% of white blood cells (leukocytes) and blood platelets
(thrombocytes)

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25
Q

Biconcave disk, no
nucleus, contains
hemoglobin which colors
the cell red.

A

Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

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26
Q

6.5-8.5 micrometer in
diameter.

A

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

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27
Q

A microliter of blood
contains 5 million of red
blood cells.

A

Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

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28
Q

Function: Transports
oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

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29
Q

Spherical cells with a
nucleus

A

White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)

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30
Q

Body’s defense against
pathogens

A

White blood cells (leukocytes)

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31
Q

A microliter of blood
contains 5000-10,000
white blood cells.

A

White blood cells (leukocytes)

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32
Q

White blood cells composed of five types

A

• Neutrophil 60-70%
• Basophil 0.5-1%
• Eosinophil 2-4%
• Lymphocyte 20-25%
• Monocyte 3-8%

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33
Q

Granulocytes

A

Neutrophil
Bashil
Eosinophil

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34
Q

Agranulocytes

A

Lymphocyte
Monocyte

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35
Q

Minute fragments of cells, each consisting of
small amount of cytoplasm surrounded
by cell membrane.

A

Platelets (thrombocytes)

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36
Q

A microliter of blood
contains 150,000-
400,000 platelets.

A

Platelets (thrombocytes)

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37
Q

Function: Preventing Blood loss

A

Platelets (thrombocytes)

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38
Q

A laboratory examination of blood yields
information that can be used to evaluate a person’s
health. This involves CBC, Differential white blood
cell count, platelet count, prothrombin time, etc.

A

Diagnostic blood test

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39
Q

Analysis of blood that provides much useful
information

A

Complete blood count

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40
Q

Determines the percentage of each of the five kinds
of white blood cells.

A

Differential White Blood Cell

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41
Q

The blood’s ability to clot can be assess through:

A

Platelet count
Prothrombin time measurement

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42
Q

calculates how long it takes for the blood to start clotting. Normally – 9-12 seconds.

A

Prothrombin Time Measurement

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43
Q

Normal value: 150, 000 – 400, 000 platelets per microliter of blood.

A

Platelet count

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44
Q

shaped like a blunt cone and
approximately the size of a closed fist and has a
mass of 250-350g.

A

adult heart

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45
Q

Located in the thoracic cavity between two pleural
cavities that surround the lungs.

A

Heart

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46
Q

midline partition

A

Mediastinum

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47
Q

cavity of the heart

A

Pericardial cavity

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48
Q

Pump blood throughout the bod

A

Heart

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49
Q

Beats approx. 100,000 times daily carrying 8000L of
blood.

A

Heart

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50
Q

Covering of the Heart

A

Pericardium

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51
Q

A sac consisting of
fibrous and serous
pericardia.

A

Pericardium

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52
Q

Two layers of pericardium

A

• Fibrous Pericardium
• Serous Pericardium
- parietal & visceral

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53
Q

Histology of the heart

A

Heart wall

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54
Q

3 layers of heart wall

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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55
Q

Outermost layer of the heart

A

Epicardium

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56
Q

Composed of simple squamous epithelium and an areolar connective tissue (deep area)

A
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57
Q

Middle layer of the heart wall

A

Myocardium

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58
Q

Composed of cardiac muscle tissue.

A

Myocardium

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59
Q

Responsible for the overall contraction of heart necessary to pump blood

A

Myocardium

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60
Q

• Innermost layer of the heart
• Composed of simple squamous epithelium and an areolar

A

Endocardium

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61
Q

4 chambers pf the heart

A

Superior Atria 2
Inferior Ventricles 2

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62
Q

receives the blood from the vein

A

Superior Atria (2)

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63
Q

pump blood away from the heart from the atria

A

Inferior Ventricles (2)

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64
Q

Internal Partitions of the heart

A

Interatrial Septum
intraventricular septum

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65
Q

separates the atrial chambers

A

Interatrial Septum

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66
Q

separates the ventricular chambers

A

Interventricular Septum

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67
Q

Grooves on the heart surface:

A

Coronary sulcus
Anterior Interventicular sulcus
Posterior interventicular sulcus

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68
Q

separate the atria from the ventricles

A

Coronary sulcus

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69
Q

from coronary sulcus to anterior surface of the heart

A

Anterior Interventricular Sulcus

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70
Q

from coronary sulcus to posterior surface of the heart

A

Posterior Interventricular Sulcus

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71
Q

Veins that carry blood to the heart:

A
  1. Superior Vena Cava
  2. Inferior Vena Cava
  3. Coronary Sinus
  4. Four Pulmonary Veins
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72
Q

Arteries that carry blood away from the heart:

A
  1. Pulmonary Trunk
  2. Aorta
  3. Pulmonary Arteries
    VanPutt
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73
Q

Located between the right atrium and the right
ventricle(tricuspid valve) and between the left atrium
and left ventricle (bicuspid/mitral valve).

A

Atrioventricular Valves (AV Valves)

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74
Q

the right atrium and the right ventricle

A

tricuspid valve

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75
Q

he left atrium and left ventricle

A

bicuspid/mitral valve

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76
Q

Prevent backflow into the atria

A

Antrioventricular valves

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77
Q

Each ventricle of anteioventicular valves contains cone-shaped, muscular pillars
called

A

papillary muscles

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78
Q

Atrioventricular valves attached to a connective tissue strings called

A

chordae tendineae.

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79
Q

The aorta and pulmonary trunk possess

A

aortic and
pulmonary semilunar valves.

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80
Q

Prevent backflow associated into the ventricles

A

Semilunar valves

81
Q

A plate of connective tissue that surrounds the valves and give them solid support.

A

cardiac skeleton

82
Q

Two coronary arteries supply
blood to the wall of the
heart:

A

Left and right coronary artery

83
Q

originates on the left side
of the aorta.

A

Left Coronary Artery

84
Q

originates on the right side
of the aorta.

A

Right coronary artery

85
Q

two major branches of left Coronary Artery

A
  1. Anterior interventricular artery
  2. Circumflex artery
86
Q

two major branches of right coronary artery

A
  1. Posterior interventricular artery
  2. Right marginal artery
87
Q

The cardiac veins drain blood from the cardiac muscle and most of them drain blood into the coronary sinus. This sinus has three (3) attributes:

A
  1. Great Cardiac Vein
  2. Middle Cardiac Vein
  3. Small Cardiac Vein
88
Q

Two main heart sound

A

First: lubb (lower pitch)
Second: dupp (higher pitch)

89
Q

developed to listen the sounds of the lungs and heart and is now used to listen other sounds of the body as well

A

Stethoscope

90
Q

abnormal heart sounds due to faulty valves

A

Murmurs

91
Q

narrowing of valve

A

Stenosis

92
Q

Refers to the pumping process that begins with the
onset of the cardiac muscle contraction and ends with
the beginning of the next contraction.

A

Cardiac cycle

93
Q

Cardiac cycle invloves

A

Atrial systole
Ventricular systole
Atrial diastole
Ventricular diastole:

94
Q

contraction of atria

A

Atrial systole

95
Q

contraction of ventricles

A

Ventricular systole

96
Q

relaxation of atria

A

Atrial diastole

97
Q

relaxation of ventricles

A

Ventricular diastole

98
Q

Measurements to assess heart function:

A

Cardiac output (CO)
Heart Rate (HR)
Stroke Volume (SV)

99
Q

volume of blood pumped per
ventricle per minute

A

Cardiac output (CO)

100
Q

volume of blood pumped per
ventricle each time the heart contracts.

A

Stroke Volume (SV)

101
Q

number of times the heart
contracts each minute.

A

Heart Rate (HR)

102
Q

Three Main Types of Blood
Vessels

A

Arteries
Veins
Cappilaries

103
Q

carry blood away from the heart.

A

Arteries

104
Q

carry blood toward the heart.

A

Veins

105
Q

carry blood toward the heart.

A

Veins

106
Q

site of exchange in blood and tissue fluid.

A

Capillaries

107
Q

Except for capillaries, blood vessels consists of three layers:

A
  1. Tunica intima
  2. Tunica Media
  3. Tunica Adventitia
108
Q

Types of Blood Circulation

A

Systematic circulation
Pulmonary circulation

109
Q

system of blood vessels that
carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart to
the tissues of the body back to the right atrium.

A

Systematic circulation

110
Q

system of blood vessels
that carries blood from the right ventricle of the
heart to the lungs and back to the left atrium of
the heart.

A

Pulmonary circulation

111
Q

Three major types of arteries

A

Elastic arteries
Muscular arteries
Arteriles

112
Q

receive blood directly from the
heart.

A

Elastic arteries

113
Q

distributes blood towards
the regions of the body.

A

Muscular arteries

114
Q

deliver blood to the capillaries.

A

Arterioles

115
Q

All arteries of the systemic circulation branch directly or indirectly from the

A

Aorta

116
Q

The part of the aorta passes superiorly from the left ventricle.

A

Ascending aorta

117
Q

wherein three major arteries such as, brachiocephalic, left common carotid, and left
subclavian arteries originate.

A

Aortic arch

118
Q

All these arteries carry blood to the head and upper limbs

A

brachiocephalic, left common carotid, and left
subclavian arteries

119
Q

The longest part of the aorta which is the _____, extends from thoracic to
diaphragm (thoracic aorta) and from diaphragm into
the common iliac arteries (abdominal aorta).

A

descending aorta

120
Q

Branches from the aortic arch and supplies the
head and arm

A

Brachiocephalic

121
Q

Branches from the right common carotid artery and
supplies blood to the right upper limb.

A

Right subclavian

122
Q

Originates from the left common carotid artery and
supplies blood to the right upper limb

A

Left subclavian

123
Q

Branches from the brachiocephalic artery and
supplies blood to the right side of the head and
neck

A

Right common carotid

124
Q

Branches directly from the aortic arch and supplies
blood to the left side of the head and neck

A

Left common carotid

125
Q

Branches from the common carotid arteries and
Neck, face, nose and mouth

A

External carotid

126
Q

Branches from the common carotid arteries and
supply blood to the anterior brain and meninges

A

Internal carotid

127
Q

Supplies the medial surface of the frontal and
parietal lobes of the cerebral hemisphere on its
side

A

Anterior cerebral artery*

128
Q

Arises from the anterior cerebral artery (same tissue supply)

A

Anterior communicating*

129
Q

Occipital lobes and the inferior parts of the temporal lobes

A

Posterior cerebral*

130
Q

Connects posterior cerebral and middle cerebral arteries anteriorly.

A

Posterior communicating*

131
Q

Supply the lateral parts of the temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes.

A

Middle cerebral

132
Q

Cerebral Arterial Circle also known as the

A

the Circle of Willis

133
Q

This structure encircles the pituitary gland and
optic chiasma and unites the brain’s anterior and
posterior blood supplies.

A

Cerebral Arterial Circle

134
Q

Branch from the subclavian arteries. Supply blood
to the spinal cord, vertebrae, muscles and
ligaments of the neck

A

Vertebral

135
Q

Union of two vertebral arteries. Supplies blood to
the pons, cerebellum and midbrain

A

Basilar

136
Q

Originate from the subclavian artery and supply
blood to the axilla

A

Axillary

137
Q

Originate from the axillary artery and supply blood to the arm

A

Brachial

138
Q

Branch from the brachial artery and supply
blood to the lateral forearm and hand

A

Radial

139
Q

Branch from the brachial artery and supply
blood to the medial forearm and hand

A

Ulnar

140
Q

Branch from thoracic aorta and supplies blood to
the thoracic organs such as esophagus, trachea,
parietal pericardium, and parts of the lungs

A

Visceral arteries

141
Q

Branch from thoracic aorta and supplies blood to
the thoracic walls.

A

Parietal arteries

142
Q

Major parietal arteries which supply blood to the
Intercostal muscles, vertebrae, spinal cord, and
deep muscles of the back

A

Posterior intercostal

143
Q

Branch from the subclavian arteries and supply
blood to the anterior thoracic and abdominal walls

A

Internal thoracic

144
Q

Branch from the internal thoracic artery and supply
blood to the anterior thoracic wall

A

Anterior intercostal

145
Q

Supplies blood to the Lower Limb

A

External iliac

146
Q

Supplies blood to the Pelvic area and organs
such as urinary bladder, rectum, uterus, and
vagina.

A

Internal iliac

147
Q

Supplies blood to the Pelvic area and organs
such as urinary bladder, rectum, uterus, and
vagina.

A

Internal iliac

148
Q

Abdominal Aorta (Visceral Branches.- Unpaired)

A

Celiac trunk
Superior Mesenteric
Inferior Mesenteric

149
Q

Abdominal Aorta (Visceral Branches.- Paired)

A

Renal
Suprarenal
Testicular
Ovarian

150
Q

Abdominal Aorta (Parietal Branches)

A

Inferior Phrenic
Lumbar
Median Sacral

151
Q

Supplies blood to the small intestine, cecum,
ascending colon, and transverse colon

A

Celiac trunk

152
Q

Supplies blood to the descending colon, sigmoid
colon, and upper rectum

A

Superior mesentric

153
Q

Supplies blood to the Lower portion of the colon

A

Inferior mesentric

154
Q

Supply blood to the Kidneys

A

Renal

155
Q

Supply blood to the Adrenal Glands

A

Suprerenal

156
Q

Supply blood to the Testes (Male)
And Ovaries (Female)

A

Testicular
Ovarian

157
Q

Supply blood to the Diaphragm

A

Inferior Phrenic

158
Q

Supply blood to the Lumbar Vertebrae and Back
Muscles

A

Lumbar

159
Q

Supplies blood to the Inferior Vertebrae

A

Median Sacral

160
Q

Originate from the external iliac artery and
supplies blood towards the thigh.

A

Femoral

161
Q

Originate from the femoral artery and supplies
blood to the knee.

A

Popliteal

162
Q

Branch from the popliteal artery and supplies
blood to anterior leg and foot.

A

Anterior tibial

163
Q

Branch from the popliteal artery and supplies
blood to posterior leg and foot.

A

Posterior tibial

164
Q

Originate from the posterior tibial artery and
supplies blood to the lateral leg and foot

A

Fibular

165
Q

Originate from the anterior tibial artery and
supplies blood to the ankle.

A

Dorsalis pedis

166
Q

Three major types of veins

A

Venules
Small and medium veins
Large veins

167
Q

similar to a structure of capillaries but slightly larger in diameter.

A

Venules

168
Q

It is composed of endothelium resting
on a delicate connective tissue layer.

A

Venules

169
Q

the only present tunic resting on a delivate layer of dense connective tissue

A

Tunica intima

170
Q

all the tunics are evident.

A

Small and medium veins

171
Q

contains circular smooth muscle.

A

Tunica media

172
Q

determines the capability of the vein to
distend.

A

Tunica adventitia

173
Q

all the tunics are evident too.
It has a pre-dominant tunica adventitia and its
tunica media is thin but has the capability to
regulate vessel diameter because venous pressure is low.

A

Large veins

174
Q

The two major large veins that returns blood to the
heart from the regions of the body are the

A

Superior vena cava

Inferior vena cava

175
Q

returns blood from the head,
neck, thorax, and upper limbs to the right atrium of
the heart.

A

Superior vena cava

176
Q

returns blood from the
abdomen, pelvis, and lower limbs to the the right
atrium of the heart.

A

Inferior vena cava

177
Q

Carry blood from the posterior Head and neck. Empties into the subclavian vein

A

External jugular

178
Q

Carry blood from the brain and Anterior Head, Face and
Neck. They join the subclavian veins on each side of the
body to form the brachiocephalic veins

A

Internal jugular

179
Q

Carry blood from deep structures of the upper
limbs. The brachial veins empty into the axillary
vein.

A

Brachial

180
Q

Carry blood from the distal forearm and bend
around the radius as it travel superiorly and then
continue up the lateral superficial aspect of the arm
to the shoulder to join the axillary vein

A

Cephalic

181
Q

Carry blood from the distal forearm and extend
along the posteromedial aspect of the forearm,
crosse the elbow, and then join the brachial vein in
the axilla, forming the axillary vein.

A

Basilic

182
Q

The vein wherein brachial, cephalic and basilic
veins empty.

A

Axillary

183
Q

connect cephalic to basilic vein

A

Median cubital

184
Q

Carry blood from the anterior thoracic wall from
the anterior intercostal veins and drain into
brachiocephalic veins

A

Brachiocephalic

185
Q

Carries blood from the posterior thoracic wall from
the posterior intercostal veins and drain into the
azygos vein.

A

Azygos

186
Q

Carry blood from the kidneys

A

Renal

187
Q

Carry blood from the Adrenal Glands

A

Suprarenal

188
Q

Carry blood from the testes (Male)
and ovaries (Female)

A

• Testicular
• Ovarian

189
Q

Carry blood from the back and abdominal wall

A

Lumbar

190
Q

Drains the entire small intestine, part of the large
intestine and stomach

A

Superior mesentric

191
Q

Drains the distal portions of the large intestine and
rectum and joins the splenic vein just before that
vessel unites with the superior mesenteric vein to
form the hepatic portal vein

A

Inferior mesentric

192
Q

Carries blood from the spleen, parts of the stomach
and pancreas, and then joins the superior
mesenteric vein to form the hepatic portal vein.

A

Splenic vein

193
Q

Branch from the femoral vein and carry blood from
the lower Limb

A

External iliac

194
Q

Carry blood from the pelvic area and organs such as
urinary bladder, rectum, uterus, and vagina. These
veins unite with the external iliac veins to form the
common iliac veins which empty into the inferior
vena cava.

A

Internal iliac

195
Q

Carry blood from deep structures of the thigh. The
femoral vein empty into the external iliac vein.

A

Femoral

196
Q

Originate from dorsal and medial side of the foot
and ascend along the medial side of the leg and
thigh to empty into the femoral vein.

A

Great Saphenous
(longest vein in the body)

197
Q

Carry blood from knee and Leg.
As the popliteal vein emerges from the knee, it
becomes the femoral vein

A

Popliteal

198
Q

Originate from the lateral side of the foot and join
the popliteal vein to become the femoral vein.

A

Small saphenous

ANAPHY (15 decks)

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