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ANAPHY > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

made up of two major tissue layers

A

skin

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2
Q

The skin is made up of two major tissue layers:

A

dermis
epidermis

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3
Q

the uppermost layer and it prevents water loss and resist abrasion.

A

epidermis

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4
Q

20 times thicker than epidermis and provides most of the skin’s structural strength

A

dermis

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5
Q

made up of a loose connective tissue that contains
about half the body’s stored fat.

A

Hypodermis/subcutaneous tissue

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6
Q

this layer Function as padding and insulation

A

Adipose tissue

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7
Q

Made up of stratified squamous epithelium.

A

Epidermis

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8
Q

The main cells of the epidermis are the

A

Kerinocytes

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9
Q

These cells of epidermis originate in the basal layer and undergo

A

Keratinization

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10
Q

It is the process where in the
newly formed cells experience
development when these cells
are pushed from the base layers
to the surface.

A

Keratinization

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11
Q

It is the process where in the
newly formed cells experience
development when these cells
are pushed from the base layers
to the surface.

A

Keratinization

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12
Q

skin that consists of five layers

A

epidermis

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13
Q

the layers of epidermis are called

A

strata

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14
Q

the layers of epidermis are called

A

strata

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15
Q

their names correspond to the layer’s structure and functionality.

A

Strata

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16
Q

Consist of single layer of cuboidal cells in
contact with the basement membrane that
undergo mitosis.

A

Stratum basale

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17
Q

It contains the keratinocyte
stem cells, and melanocytes

A

Stratum basale

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18
Q

It is where Keratin is packaged in
keratohyaline granules.

A

Stratum granulosum

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19
Q

The keratinocytes
produce a lot of keratin in this layer—they
become filled with keratin.

A

Stratum granulosum

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20
Q

The keratinocytes
produce a lot of keratin in this layer—they
become filled with keratin.

A

Stratum granulosum

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21
Q

The keratinocytes
become flatter, more brittle, and lose their
nuclei.

A

Stratum granulosum

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22
Q

The keratinocytes in this layer also produce
lipids and natural moisturizing factor (NMF)

A

Stratum granulosum

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23
Q

This layer mostly consists of keratinocytes
held together by sticky proteins called
desmosomes.

A

Stratum spinosum

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24
Q

This layer mostly consists of keratinocytes
held together by sticky proteins called
desmosomes.

A

Stratum spinosum

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25
Q

partly responsible for the skin’s strength and
flexibility.

A

Stratum spinosum

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26
Q

partly responsible for the skin’s strength and
flexibility.

A
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27
Q

It contains Langerhans cells (epidermal immune cells)

A

Stratum spinosum

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28
Q

Once the keratinocytes leave the stratum
granulosum, they die and help form the

A

Stratum lucidum

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29
Q

thin, transparent
layer of keratinocytes that are becoming less
round and have a flatter shape.

A

Stratum lucidum

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30
Q

This thin layer of cells is found only in the
thick skin on the palms of your hands and
fingers and the soles of your feet.

A

Stratum lucidum

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31
Q

This thin layer of cells is found only in the
thick skin on the palms of your hands and
fingers and the soles of your feet.

A

Stratum lucidum

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32
Q

Consist of 25 or more layers of dead
squamous cells filled with keratin.

A

Startum corneum

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33
Q

Keratinocytes become corneocytes. This layer
is also coated and surrounded by lipids, which
help prevent fluid loss.

A

Stratum corneum

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34
Q

The entire stratum corneum layer is replaced
with new cells in a process known as

A

Desquamation

35
Q

Made up of dense collagenous connective tissue with fewer fats cells.

A

Dermis

36
Q

Nerves, hair follicles, smooth muscles, glands and lymphatic vessels extend to the

A

Dermis

37
Q

responsible for the structural strength of the
dermis.

A

Collagen and elastic fibers

38
Q

Collagen fibers of the dermis are oriented in many different locations called

A

Cleavage or tension lines

39
Q

The skin is more resistant to stretch along this lines

A

Tension lines or cleavage

40
Q

overstretching of the skin that causes damage to the dermis.

A

Stretchmarks/striae

41
Q

The upper part of the Dermis has projections which extends towards the epidermis.

A

dermal papillae

42
Q

Dermal papillae in the palms of the hands and soles of the foot and tips of the digits are in

A

Parallel and curving ridges

43
Q

the group of pigment primarily responsible for skin eyes and hair pigment.

A

Melanin

44
Q

Melanin molecules is produced by

A

Melanocyte

45
Q

Golgi apparatus of the melanocytes package
melanin into vesicles called

A

Melanosomes

46
Q

Melanin pigment is transferred from melanocytes to the cytoplasm of keratinocytes through

A

Phagocytosis

47
Q

cell eating, process by which a cell engulfs a particle and digests it.

A

phagocytosis

48
Q

Melanin production is determined by:

A

Genetic factors
Exposure to light
Hormones

49
Q

A decrease in blood oxygen produces a bluish
discoloration termed as

A

Cyanosis

50
Q

congenital disorders of the blood vessels in
the dermis.

A

Birthmarks

51
Q

Each hair arises form a

A

Hair follicles

52
Q

protrudes above the surface of the skin

A

Hair shaft

53
Q

below the surface of the skin

A

Hair root

54
Q

the expanded base of the root

A

Hair bulb

55
Q

Associated with each hair follicle are smooth
muscle cells called

A

Arrector pili muscle

56
Q

Two forms of melanin are found in human hair:

A

Eumelanin
Pheomelanin

57
Q

the dominant pigment in brown hair and black

A

Eumelanin

58
Q

the dominant pigment in red

A

Pheomelanin

59
Q

Hair exists in a variety of textures caused by the condition of

A

Hair follicle

60
Q

simple branched acinar glands which produced
sebum mostly connected to the superficial part of the hair follicle.

A

Sebaceous gland

61
Q

coiled tubular glands that produces sweat which is vital for regulating human body temperature.

A

Sweat glands

62
Q

Produce secretion (water with few salts) that open directly to the skin through sweat pores.

A

Eccrine sweat

63
Q

produced thick secretion rich in organic substances.

A

Apocrine sweat

64
Q

open into the hair follicles, but only in the armpit and genitalia.

A

Apocrine glands

65
Q

A thin plate, consisting of dead stratum corneum cells
that contains very hard type of keratin

A

Nails

66
Q

Major functions of skin structures

A

Protection
Sensation
Vitamin D
Temperature Regulation
Excretion

67
Q

An injury to the tissue caused by heat, cold, friction, chemicals, electricity or by radiation.

A

Burns

68
Q

Most common type of cancer, and it is mostly associated with

A

Exposure to UV light from the sun

69
Q

Three main type of Skin cancer.

A
  1. Basal Cell Carcinoma (most frequent)
  2. Squamous cell carcinoma
  3. Malignant melanoma (rare form)
70
Q

Main cells of the Epidermis.

A

Keratinocytes

71
Q

The part of the Dermis that is in contact with the subcutaneous layer.

A

Hypodermis

72
Q

Layer that provides majority of the structural strength to the skin.

A

Dermis

73
Q

Protein that is vital in the formation of the hair, nails and skin.

A

Keratin

74
Q

What specific skin structure is responsible for goose bumps?

A

Arrector pili mucles

75
Q

Part of the Nail where your fingernails and toenails start to grow.

A

Nails matrix

76
Q

Specific structure responsible for the fingerprints in tips of the digits.

A

Dermal papillae

77
Q

Cell responsible for Skin’s pigment.

A

Melanocytes

78
Q

Most of the Keratin is produced in which specific layer/strata?

A

Startum granulosum

79
Q

Hair is produced by the epithelial cells in the

A

Hair bulb

80
Q

Gland in the skin that become active at puberty due to the influence of sex hormones.

A

Apocrine

81
Q

Sweat glands that open into the hair follicles.

A

Apocrine

82
Q

Skin regeneration happens in what specific layer of the Epidermis?

A

Stratum basale

83
Q

Skin regeneration happens in what specific layer of the Epidermis?

A

Stratum basale

ANAPHY (18 decks)

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