Integumentary System Flashcards
made up of two major tissue layers
skin
The skin is made up of two major tissue layers:
dermis
epidermis
the uppermost layer and it prevents water loss and resist abrasion.
epidermis
20 times thicker than epidermis and provides most of the skin’s structural strength
dermis
made up of a loose connective tissue that contains
about half the body’s stored fat.
Hypodermis/subcutaneous tissue
this layer Function as padding and insulation
Adipose tissue
Made up of stratified squamous epithelium.
Epidermis
The main cells of the epidermis are the
Kerinocytes
These cells of epidermis originate in the basal layer and undergo
Keratinization
It is the process where in the
newly formed cells experience
development when these cells
are pushed from the base layers
to the surface.
Keratinization
It is the process where in the
newly formed cells experience
development when these cells
are pushed from the base layers
to the surface.
Keratinization
skin that consists of five layers
epidermis
the layers of epidermis are called
strata
the layers of epidermis are called
strata
their names correspond to the layer’s structure and functionality.
Strata
Consist of single layer of cuboidal cells in
contact with the basement membrane that
undergo mitosis.
Stratum basale
It contains the keratinocyte
stem cells, and melanocytes
Stratum basale
It is where Keratin is packaged in
keratohyaline granules.
Stratum granulosum
The keratinocytes
produce a lot of keratin in this layer—they
become filled with keratin.
Stratum granulosum
The keratinocytes
produce a lot of keratin in this layer—they
become filled with keratin.
Stratum granulosum
The keratinocytes
become flatter, more brittle, and lose their
nuclei.
Stratum granulosum
The keratinocytes in this layer also produce
lipids and natural moisturizing factor (NMF)
Stratum granulosum
This layer mostly consists of keratinocytes
held together by sticky proteins called
desmosomes.
Stratum spinosum
This layer mostly consists of keratinocytes
held together by sticky proteins called
desmosomes.
Stratum spinosum
partly responsible for the skin’s strength and
flexibility.
Stratum spinosum
partly responsible for the skin’s strength and
flexibility.
It contains Langerhans cells (epidermal immune cells)
Stratum spinosum
Once the keratinocytes leave the stratum
granulosum, they die and help form the
Stratum lucidum
thin, transparent
layer of keratinocytes that are becoming less
round and have a flatter shape.
Stratum lucidum
This thin layer of cells is found only in the
thick skin on the palms of your hands and
fingers and the soles of your feet.
Stratum lucidum
This thin layer of cells is found only in the
thick skin on the palms of your hands and
fingers and the soles of your feet.
Stratum lucidum
Consist of 25 or more layers of dead
squamous cells filled with keratin.
Startum corneum
Keratinocytes become corneocytes. This layer
is also coated and surrounded by lipids, which
help prevent fluid loss.
Stratum corneum
The entire stratum corneum layer is replaced
with new cells in a process known as
Desquamation
Made up of dense collagenous connective tissue with fewer fats cells.
Dermis
Nerves, hair follicles, smooth muscles, glands and lymphatic vessels extend to the
Dermis
responsible for the structural strength of the
dermis.
Collagen and elastic fibers
Collagen fibers of the dermis are oriented in many different locations called
Cleavage or tension lines
The skin is more resistant to stretch along this lines
Tension lines or cleavage
overstretching of the skin that causes damage to the dermis.
Stretchmarks/striae
The upper part of the Dermis has projections which extends towards the epidermis.
dermal papillae
Dermal papillae in the palms of the hands and soles of the foot and tips of the digits are in
Parallel and curving ridges
the group of pigment primarily responsible for skin eyes and hair pigment.
Melanin
Melanin molecules is produced by
Melanocyte
Golgi apparatus of the melanocytes package
melanin into vesicles called
Melanosomes
Melanin pigment is transferred from melanocytes to the cytoplasm of keratinocytes through
Phagocytosis
cell eating, process by which a cell engulfs a particle and digests it.
phagocytosis
Melanin production is determined by:
Genetic factors
Exposure to light
Hormones
A decrease in blood oxygen produces a bluish
discoloration termed as
Cyanosis
congenital disorders of the blood vessels in
the dermis.
Birthmarks
Each hair arises form a
Hair follicles
protrudes above the surface of the skin
Hair shaft
below the surface of the skin
Hair root
the expanded base of the root
Hair bulb
Associated with each hair follicle are smooth
muscle cells called
Arrector pili muscle
Two forms of melanin are found in human hair:
Eumelanin
Pheomelanin
the dominant pigment in brown hair and black
Eumelanin
the dominant pigment in red
Pheomelanin
Hair exists in a variety of textures caused by the condition of
Hair follicle
simple branched acinar glands which produced
sebum mostly connected to the superficial part of the hair follicle.
Sebaceous gland
coiled tubular glands that produces sweat which is vital for regulating human body temperature.
Sweat glands
Produce secretion (water with few salts) that open directly to the skin through sweat pores.
Eccrine sweat
produced thick secretion rich in organic substances.
Apocrine sweat
open into the hair follicles, but only in the armpit and genitalia.
Apocrine glands
A thin plate, consisting of dead stratum corneum cells
that contains very hard type of keratin
Nails
Major functions of skin structures
Protection
Sensation
Vitamin D
Temperature Regulation
Excretion
An injury to the tissue caused by heat, cold, friction, chemicals, electricity or by radiation.
Burns
Most common type of cancer, and it is mostly associated with
Exposure to UV light from the sun
Three main type of Skin cancer.
- Basal Cell Carcinoma (most frequent)
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Malignant melanoma (rare form)
Main cells of the Epidermis.
Keratinocytes
The part of the Dermis that is in contact with the subcutaneous layer.
Hypodermis
Layer that provides majority of the structural strength to the skin.
Dermis
Protein that is vital in the formation of the hair, nails and skin.
Keratin
What specific skin structure is responsible for goose bumps?
Arrector pili mucles
Part of the Nail where your fingernails and toenails start to grow.
Nails matrix
Specific structure responsible for the fingerprints in tips of the digits.
Dermal papillae
Cell responsible for Skin’s pigment.
Melanocytes
Most of the Keratin is produced in which specific layer/strata?
Startum granulosum
Hair is produced by the epithelial cells in the
Hair bulb
Gland in the skin that become active at puberty due to the influence of sex hormones.
Apocrine
Sweat glands that open into the hair follicles.
Apocrine
Skin regeneration happens in what specific layer of the Epidermis?
Stratum basale
Skin regeneration happens in what specific layer of the Epidermis?
Stratum basale
