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Anatomy 205 > muscles trunk > Flashcards

muscles trunk Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal system anatomy

A

bones, cartilage and ligaments

Osteology

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2
Q

skeletal system functions

A

support

movement

protection’blood formation’electrolyte balance

pH balance

detoxification

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3
Q

bone as an organ

A

osseous tissue

(bone)

blood

bone marrow

cartilage

adipose

nervous

fibrous connective

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4
Q

osseous tissue

A

connective tissue in chich matrix material is hardened by calcium phosphate and other minerals

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5
Q

shape of bones

A

long

short

flat

irregular

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6
Q

long bones

A

narrow

long shaft (diaphysis)

expanded head (epiphysis) at each end

filled with spongy bone

bone marrow occupies shaft and spaces in head

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7
Q

long bone

2

A

Red Marrow

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8
Q

long bone

3

A

Epiphyseal line

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9
Q

long bone

4

A

yellow marrow

marrow cavity

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10
Q

long bone

5

A

periosteum

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11
Q

long bone

6

A

diaphysis

shaft

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12
Q

long bone

7

A

compact bone

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13
Q

longbone

8

A

spongy bone

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14
Q

long bone

9

A

epiphysis

head

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15
Q

longbone

10

A

articular cartilage

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16
Q

bone cells

A

osteogenic cells

osteoblasts

osteocytes

osteoclasts

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17
Q

osteogenic cells

A

in endosteum arise to form osteoblasts

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18
Q

osteoblasts

A

bone forming cells that synthesize matrix to mineralize the bone

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19
Q

osteocytes

A

former osteoblasts that are trapped in the matrix they deposited

20
Q

osteoclasts

A

bone dissolving cells on the surface of the bone

21
Q

bone matrix

(ground substance)

A

1/3 organic and 2/3 inorganic matter by dry weight

22
Q

inorganic matrix

A

85% hydroxyapatite (crystalline calcium phosphate)

10% clacium carbonate

5% other minerals

23
Q

organic matrix

A

collagen

large protein-carbohydrate complexes called

glycosaminoglycans

proteoglycans

glycoproteins

24
Q

mineral funtionality

A

resistent to compression

25
Q

protein component funtionality

A

resistent to tesnion

flexibility

26
Q

compact bone

A

large cylyndrical units (osteons)

27
Q

osteons

A

collagen fibers enclose osteons

concentric lamellae around central canal

osteocytes in lacunae conneted by canaliculi to other osteocytes

28
Q

spongy bone

A

thin tribelculae and spicules of osseous tissue

maximun strength in proportion to its light weight

29
Q

spongy bone matrix

A

arranged in lamellae but very few osteons

30
Q

Red marrow

A

blood forming marrow

medullary spaces of nearly all bone in children

adults is limited to axial skeleon and heads of femur and humerus

31
Q

yellow marrow

A

fatty marrow

most red marrow changes to yellow in adults

32
Q

bone formation

A

intramembranous ossification

endochondral ossification

33
Q

intramembranous ossification

A

mesenchyme condenses into a sheel of soft tissue with osteogenic cells

osteogenics turn into osteoblasts

they deposit osteoid tissue then calcify it

becomes spopngy bone

compact bone is formed by filling in the spaces

34
Q

endochondral ossification

A

hyaline cartilage is replaced by bone

chondrocytes of cartilage enlarge and form ossicification center

cartilage lacunae breakdown and merge into primary marrow cavity and chondrocytes die

35
Q

secondary ossification site

(endochondral ossification)

A

appears in the middle of epi[hysis near time of birth

ossification proceeds outward creating secondary marrow cavity and forming the epiphydeal plate

36
Q

long bone growth

length

A

increase by interstitial growth at the epiphyseal plates

5 zones

37
Q

5 zones of long bone growth

A

zone of reserve cartilage

zone of cell proliferation

zone of cell hypertrophy

zone of calcification

zone of deposited bone

38
Q

zone of reserve cartilage

A

farthest from marrow space

39
Q

zone oof cell proliferation

A

chondrocytes multiply and form longitudinal columns of cells

40
Q

zone of hypertrophy

A

chondrocytes enlarge

41
Q

zone of calcification

A

where matrix becomes temporarily calcified

nearest the marrow

42
Q

zone of bone deposition

A

where lacunae break down

chondrocytes die

bone is deposited

43
Q

bone growth thickness

appositional growth

A

depostition of new osseous tissue on the surface by process similar to intramembranous ossification

44
Q

bone remodeling

A

osteoblasts and osteoclasts reshape bones throughout life to adapt to the stresses places on them

45
Q
A

Anatomy 205 (44 decks)

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