Chapter 15 Study guide Flashcards
Rostral
more anterior brain structures
caudal
more posterior brain structures
gray matter of brain
superficial to white matter
cerebral cortex
white matter of brain
deep to gray matter
composed of tracts myelinated nerve fibers
brainstem
diencephalon (thalamus)
mesencephalon (midbrain)
metencephalon (pons)
myelencephalon (medulla oblongata)
meninges of brain
dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater
dura mater
periosteal layer (superficial)
meningeal layer (deep)
ventricles of brain
2 lateral
interventricular foramen
third ventricle
cerebral aquaduct
fourth ventricle
choriod plexuses
lateral
third and fourth ventricles
produce CSF
CSF function
buoyancy
physical protection
and chemical stability for CNS
CSF Flow through the brain
secreted by Choroid Plexus
through intraventricular foramina
choroid plexus in third ventricle adds more CSF
down through cerebral aquaduct
choroid plexus in fourth ventricle adds more CSF
out 2 lateral and one median aperature
fills subarachnoid space covering external surface of brain and spinal cord
arachnoid villi reabsord in venous blood of dural venous sinuses
CSF Flow
1
Secreted by choroid plexus in each lateral ventricle
CSF Flow
2
flows through intraventricular foramina into third ventricle
CSF Flow
3
Chrooid plexus in third ventricle adds more CSF
CSF Flow
4
CSF flows down cerebral aquaduct to fourth ventricle
CSF Flow
5
Choroid plexus in fourth ventricle adds more CSF
CSF Flow
6
CSF flows out 2 lateral and one median aperature
CSF Flow
7
CSF fills subarachnoid space and bathes external surfaces of brain and spinal cord
CSF Flow
8
Arachnoid villi reabsorb CSF into venous blood of dural venous sinuses
Blood brian barrier
regulates substances get through to nervous tissue
nuclei
gathering of cell bodies within the CNS
tract
bundle of nerve fibers(axons) with similar
origin
destination
function
white matter
Medulla oblongata
cardiac center
vasomotor center
respiratory center
medulla
cardiac center
regulates rate and force of heartbeat
medulla
vasomotor center
regulates blood pressure
dialates and constricts blood vessels
medulla
respiratory center
regulates rate and depth of breathing
areas of speech
coughing
sneezing
salvatoin
swallowing
gagging
vomiting
sweating
forebrain
diencephalon
Thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalaums
hypothalamus
hormone secretion
autonomic effects
thermorgulation
food and water intake
sleep and circadian rhythms
emotional responses
memory
cerebrum lobes
frontal
temporal
parietal
occipital
insula
White matter tracts
projection tracts
commisural tracts
association tracts
projections tracts
extend between higher and lower brain centers
commissural tracts
cross between right and left cerebral hemispheres
association tracts
connect different lobes and gyri within single hemisphere
cranial nerves
olfactory
optic
occulomotor
trochlear
abducens
trigeminal
facial
auditory
glossopharyngeal
vagus
accessory
hypoglossal
olfactory nerve I
olfactory bulbs below frontal lobe
Sensory
optic nerve II
thalamus
midbrain
Sensory
oculomotor nerve III
midbrain
Motor
trochlear nerve IV
midbrain
Motor
trigeminal nerve V
pons
Motor
abducens nerve VI
pons
Both
sensory and motor
facial nerve VII
thalamus
Motor
Auditory nerve VIII
medulla oblongata
pons
Sensory
glossopharyngeal nerve IX
medulla oblongata
Both
sensory and motor
vagus nerve X
medulla oblongata
Both
sensory and motor
accessory nerve XI
medulla oblongata
Motor
hypopglossal nerve XII
medulla oblongata
Motor
olfactory innervation
leads from the upper nasal cavity to olfactory bulbs
carries sensory information for smell
optic innervation
leads from eyes to thalamus and midbrain
carries sensory signals for vision
Vagus innervation
sensory fibers from thoracic and abdominal viscera
tongue/throat
outer ear
to medulla oblongata
motor signals back to these organs
senses: taste, hunger, fullness, stomach discomfort
motor: swallowing, speech, regulation of pulmonary, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal functions
