Chapter 3 study guide Flashcards
tissue
mass of similar cells and cell products that form a descrete region of an organ and perform a specific function
tissue and organ relationship
organs are made up of 2 or more tissues that weave together to build the organs
four main tissue types
epithelial
connective
nervous
muscular
epithelial tissue difference
made of layers of closely spaced cells that cover organ surfaces or form glands
serves for protection
secretion
absorption
histological sectioning
a slice is made of the tissue to be examined then it is stained to bring out eh contrasting elements and make them visible.
they are preseved to prevent decay
then adhered to a slide for viewing
simple squamous epithelium
thin scaly cells
allows rapid diffusion of substances through membrane
airs sacs of lungs
glomerulous capsules of the kidneys
simple cuboidal epithelium
squarish round cells
absorption and secretion
liver
thyroid
mammary
simple columnar
tall narrow cells
absorption secretoin of mucus and other products
inner lining of stomach
intestines
pseudostratified columnar
appear multilayered but all cells reach basement membrane
secretes and propels mucus
respiratory tract
male urethra
stratified squamous
keratinized
multilayered squamous cells
resists abrasion
retards water loss through skin
prevents infection
epidermis
stratified squamous
non-keratonized
multiple layers of squamous cells but without the layer of dead cells
resists abrasoin
prevents infection
tongue
esophogus
stratified cuboidal
2 or more layers of cuboidal cells
contributes to sweat secretion
secretes ovarian hormones
produces sperm
sweat gland ducts
egg producing vesicles of ovaries
transitional epithelium
resembles stratified squamous but surface cells are rounded not flattened
stretches to allow filling of urinary tract
urinary tract
part of kidney
ureter
bladder
connective tissue
serves to support and protect organs or bind organs to each other
highly vascular
CT cells
fibroblasts
macrophages
leukocytes
plasma cells
mast cells
adipocytes
ground substance
a gelatinous substance that fills the empty spaces within connective tissues
matrix
the cells that make up the CT
loose Ct
spaec occupied by mostly ground substance
dense Ct
very little ground substance, mostly matrix material
areolar tissue
loose arrangment
abundant ground substance
underlying nearly all epithelia
surrounding blood vessels
loosly binds epithelia to deeper tissues
allows passage of nerves and blood vessels
reticular tissue
loose network of reticular fibers
abundant ground material
lymph nodes
spleen
thymu
supportive stroma for lymphatic organs
dense regular CT
densly packed parallel cologen fibers
little ground material
tendons and ligaments
attaches muscle to bone
tightly binds bones together
dense irregular CT
densly packed cologen fibers running in random directions
deeper portions of dermis of skin
capsules around viscera such as liver, kidneys
durable
hard to tear
withstands stresses from many directions
adipose tissue
dominated by adipocytes
subcutaneous fat beneath skin, breast and heart surface
energy storage
thermal insulation
hyaline cartilage
clear glassy matrix
fine dispersed collagen fibers
form thin articular cartilage over end of bones at movable joints
eases joint movement
holds airways open during respiration
elastic cartilage
elastic fibers form weblike msh amid lacunae
external ear
epiglottis
provides flexible elastic support
fibrocartilage
parallel collagen fibers similar to those of tendon
joint between two halves of the pelvic girgle
intervertebral discs that separate bones of spinal column
resists compression and absorbs shock in some joints
often a transitional tissue
blood
RBC’s appear as pink dots
WBC’s are violet
platelets are fragments
contained in heart and vessels
transport gases, nutrients and waste throughout the body
nervous tissue
show few large neurons
brain
spinal cord
internal communication
skeletal muscle
long threadlike
multi nucleated
striated
attache to bones
body movements
voluntary control
cardiac muscle
short branched
striated
intercolated discs
heart
pumping blood
involuntary
smooth muscle
short fusiform cells
non striated
sheets of muscle in walls of viscera and blood vessels
swallowing
moving food in digestive tract
involuntary
nervous tissue cells
neurons
glial cells
neuron parts
cell body
axon
dendrites
cell body
houses nucleus and orgnaelles
center of genetic control
axon
sends outgoing signal to other cells
dendrite
receives signal from other cells
gland types
endocrine
exocrine
unicellular
endocrine glands
no contact with outside surface
exocrine glands
contact with outer surface via ducts
unicellular glands
secretory glands found in epithelium that is predominatly non-secretory
can be exocrine or endocrine
modes of secretion
merocrine
apocrine
holocrine
merocrine
release secretions by exocytosis
apocrine
primarily exocytosis
holocrine
cell accumulates a product then the entire cell disintergrates
membranes
cutaneous
mucous
serous
cuntaneous membrane
the skin
stratified squamous epithelium
mucous membrane
line passageways to openings
serous membrane
ccomposed of simple squamous
in linings of peural, pericardial and peritoneal cavities
tissue growth
hyperplasia
hypertrophy
neoplasia
hyperplasia growth
growth through cell multiplication
hypertophy growth
enlargement of preexisting cells
neoplasia growth
developement of a tumor
tissue shrinkage and death
atrophy
necrosis
apoptosis
tissue atrophy
shrinkage of tissue through loss of cell size or number
necrosis of tissue
premature or pathalogical death of tissue due to trauma, toxins, infection and so forth
apoptosis of tissue
programmed cells death
normal death of cells that have completed their function
