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Anatomy 205 > Chapter 3 study guide > Flashcards

Chapter 3 study guide Flashcards

1
Q

tissue

A

mass of similar cells and cell products that form a descrete region of an organ and perform a specific function

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2
Q

tissue and organ relationship

A

organs are made up of 2 or more tissues that weave together to build the organs

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3
Q

four main tissue types

A

epithelial

connective

nervous

muscular

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4
Q

epithelial tissue difference

A

made of layers of closely spaced cells that cover organ surfaces or form glands

serves for protection

secretion

absorption

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5
Q

histological sectioning

A

a slice is made of the tissue to be examined then it is stained to bring out eh contrasting elements and make them visible.

they are preseved to prevent decay

then adhered to a slide for viewing

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6
Q

simple squamous epithelium

A

thin scaly cells

allows rapid diffusion of substances through membrane

airs sacs of lungs

glomerulous capsules of the kidneys

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7
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium

A

squarish round cells

absorption and secretion

liver

thyroid

mammary

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8
Q

simple columnar

A

tall narrow cells

absorption secretoin of mucus and other products

inner lining of stomach

intestines

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9
Q

pseudostratified columnar

A

appear multilayered but all cells reach basement membrane

secretes and propels mucus

respiratory tract

male urethra

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10
Q

stratified squamous

keratinized

A

multilayered squamous cells

resists abrasion

retards water loss through skin

prevents infection

epidermis

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11
Q

stratified squamous

non-keratonized

A

multiple layers of squamous cells but without the layer of dead cells

resists abrasoin

prevents infection

tongue

esophogus

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12
Q

stratified cuboidal

A

2 or more layers of cuboidal cells

contributes to sweat secretion

secretes ovarian hormones

produces sperm

sweat gland ducts

egg producing vesicles of ovaries

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13
Q

transitional epithelium

A

resembles stratified squamous but surface cells are rounded not flattened

stretches to allow filling of urinary tract

urinary tract

part of kidney

ureter

bladder

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14
Q

connective tissue

A

serves to support and protect organs or bind organs to each other

highly vascular

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15
Q

CT cells

A

fibroblasts

macrophages

leukocytes

plasma cells

mast cells

adipocytes

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16
Q

ground substance

A

a gelatinous substance that fills the empty spaces within connective tissues

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17
Q

matrix

A

the cells that make up the CT

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18
Q

loose Ct

A

spaec occupied by mostly ground substance

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19
Q

dense Ct

A

very little ground substance, mostly matrix material

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20
Q

areolar tissue

A

loose arrangment

abundant ground substance

underlying nearly all epithelia

surrounding blood vessels

loosly binds epithelia to deeper tissues

allows passage of nerves and blood vessels

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21
Q

reticular tissue

A

loose network of reticular fibers

abundant ground material

lymph nodes

spleen

thymu

supportive stroma for lymphatic organs

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22
Q

dense regular CT

A

densly packed parallel cologen fibers

little ground material

tendons and ligaments

attaches muscle to bone

tightly binds bones together

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23
Q

dense irregular CT

A

densly packed cologen fibers running in random directions

deeper portions of dermis of skin

capsules around viscera such as liver, kidneys

durable

hard to tear

withstands stresses from many directions

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24
Q

adipose tissue

A

dominated by adipocytes

subcutaneous fat beneath skin, breast and heart surface

energy storage

thermal insulation

25
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

clear glassy matrix

fine dispersed collagen fibers

form thin articular cartilage over end of bones at movable joints

eases joint movement

holds airways open during respiration

26
Q

elastic cartilage

A

elastic fibers form weblike msh amid lacunae

external ear

epiglottis

provides flexible elastic support

27
Q

fibrocartilage

A

parallel collagen fibers similar to those of tendon

joint between two halves of the pelvic girgle

intervertebral discs that separate bones of spinal column

resists compression and absorbs shock in some joints

often a transitional tissue

28
Q

blood

A

RBC’s appear as pink dots

WBC’s are violet

platelets are fragments

contained in heart and vessels

transport gases, nutrients and waste throughout the body

29
Q

nervous tissue

A

show few large neurons

brain

spinal cord

internal communication

30
Q

skeletal muscle

A

long threadlike

multi nucleated

striated

attache to bones

body movements

voluntary control

31
Q

cardiac muscle

A

short branched

striated

intercolated discs

heart

pumping blood

involuntary

32
Q

smooth muscle

A

short fusiform cells

non striated

sheets of muscle in walls of viscera and blood vessels

swallowing

moving food in digestive tract

involuntary

33
Q

nervous tissue cells

A

neurons

glial cells

34
Q

neuron parts

A

cell body

axon

dendrites

35
Q

cell body

A

houses nucleus and orgnaelles

center of genetic control

36
Q

axon

A

sends outgoing signal to other cells

37
Q

dendrite

A

receives signal from other cells

38
Q

gland types

A

endocrine

exocrine

unicellular

39
Q

endocrine glands

A

no contact with outside surface

40
Q

exocrine glands

A

contact with outer surface via ducts

41
Q

unicellular glands

A

secretory glands found in epithelium that is predominatly non-secretory

can be exocrine or endocrine

42
Q

modes of secretion

A

merocrine

apocrine

holocrine

43
Q

merocrine

A

release secretions by exocytosis

44
Q

apocrine

A

primarily exocytosis

45
Q

holocrine

A

cell accumulates a product then the entire cell disintergrates

46
Q

membranes

A

cutaneous

mucous

serous

47
Q

cuntaneous membrane

A

the skin

stratified squamous epithelium

48
Q

mucous membrane

A

line passageways to openings

49
Q

serous membrane

A

ccomposed of simple squamous

in linings of peural, pericardial and peritoneal cavities

50
Q

tissue growth

A

hyperplasia

hypertrophy

neoplasia

51
Q

hyperplasia growth

A

growth through cell multiplication

52
Q

hypertophy growth

A

enlargement of preexisting cells

53
Q

neoplasia growth

A

developement of a tumor

54
Q

tissue shrinkage and death

A

atrophy

necrosis

apoptosis

55
Q

tissue atrophy

A

shrinkage of tissue through loss of cell size or number

56
Q

necrosis of tissue

A

premature or pathalogical death of tissue due to trauma, toxins, infection and so forth

57
Q

apoptosis of tissue

A

programmed cells death

normal death of cells that have completed their function

58
Q
A

Anatomy 205 (44 decks)

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