Chapter 13 Study guide Flashcards by William Kerns | Brainscape

Q

A

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Q

Function of nervous system

A

Internal communicatoin

Specialized for rapid transmission from cell to cell

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Q

nervous system Major subdivisions

A

Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous system

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Q

Central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord

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Q

Peripheral Nervous system

A

nerves and ganglia

sensory (afferent) division

motor (efferent) division

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Q

sensory/motor divisons

A

autonomic (visceral) division

somatic division

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Q

somatic division

A

inervates muscles

skin

bones

joints

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Q

autonomic division

A

invervates glands

sympathetic

parasympathetic

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Q

sympathetic division

A

fight or flight

responds to stressors

excitatory or inhibitory

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Q

Parasympathetic division

A

rest and digest

calming effect

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Q

Neuron

A

functional unit of nervous system

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Q

Neuron functional properties

A

excitability

conductivity

secretion

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Q

neurons functional classes

A

sensory (afferent)

Interneurons

motor (efferent)

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Q

Sensory neurons

afferent

A

convey signals to the CNS

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Q

interneurons

A

contained entirely in the CNS

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Q

Motor Neurons

efferent

A

convey signals from the CNS to effectors in the body

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Q

Neuron structure

A

dendrites

cell body (soma)

axon

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Q

dendrites

A

receive signal and send to the cell body

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Q

cell body

Soma

A

interprets signal

Q

Axon

A

sends signal out to other neuron or effector

Q

axon structure

A

arises from axon hillock

hillock and first segment called trigger zone

cytoplasm called axoplasm

plasma membrane: axolemma

branches: terminal arborization

synaptic knob

Q

Types of neurons

A

multipolar

bipolar

unipolar

anaxonic

Q

multipolar neuron

A

and axon and 2 or more dendrites

Q

bipolar neuron

A

one axon

one dendrite

Q

unipolar neuron

A

one process arising from the cell body

Q

anaxonic neuron

A

dendrites

NO axon

Q

Neuronal support cells

A

neuroglia (Glial cells)

Q

glial cell types

of the CNS

A

oligodendrocytes

ependymal

microglia

astrocytes

Q

oligodendrocytes

A

produce myelin

Q

ependymal

A

line internal CNS cavities

produce CSF

Q

microlglia

A

macrophages of CNS

dispose of waste

Q

astrocytes

A

supportive framework of CNS

blood brain barrier

nourishment of neurons

homeostatic maintenance

repair damaged CNS tissue

Q

PNS glial cells

A

schwann

satellite

Q

schwann cells

A

produce neurilemma and myelin

Q

satellite cells

A

electrically insulate the cell body

regulate chemical environment or neuron

Q

myelin sheath

A

insulating sheath wrapped around certain nerve fibers

spiral layers of plasma

Q

PNS schwann cell

A

neurilemma

coverd in basal lamina

covered in endoneurium

Q

nerve signal transmission velocity

A

myelinated and large diameter faster transmission

signal jumps from node to node in myelinated cell

Q

Schwann cells and regeneration

A

neurilemma and endoneurium required

for a regeneration tube that guides regrowing nerve

Only in PNS

CNS lacks

Q

synaptic junction

A

point where nerve fiber ends at target cell

decision making information processing points

more synapse=more data

Q

synapse structure

A

presynaptic neuron

postsynaptic neuron

Q

presynaptic neuron

A

terminates on

dendrite (axondendrititic)

cell body (axosomatic)

or axon (axoaxonic)

Q

types of synapes

A

chemical

electrical

Q

chemical synapse

A

neurotransmitter is released

corsses synaptic cleft and binds to receptors

excitatory

inhibitory

Q

electrical synapse

(gap junction)

A

cardiac ans smooth muscle

very rapid transmission

no decision making