Chapter 13 Study guide Flashcards
Function of nervous system
Internal communicatoin
Specialized for rapid transmission from cell to cell
nervous system Major subdivisions
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous system
Central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous system
nerves and ganglia
sensory (afferent) division
motor (efferent) division
sensory/motor divisons
autonomic (visceral) division
somatic division
somatic division
inervates muscles
skin
bones
joints
autonomic division
invervates glands
sympathetic
parasympathetic
sympathetic division
fight or flight
responds to stressors
excitatory or inhibitory
Parasympathetic division
rest and digest
calming effect
Neuron
functional unit of nervous system
Neuron functional properties
excitability
conductivity
secretion
neurons functional classes
sensory (afferent)
Interneurons
motor (efferent)
Sensory neurons
afferent
convey signals to the CNS
interneurons
contained entirely in the CNS
Motor Neurons
efferent
convey signals from the CNS to effectors in the body
Neuron structure
dendrites
cell body (soma)
axon
dendrites
receive signal and send to the cell body
cell body
Soma
interprets signal
Axon
sends signal out to other neuron or effector
axon structure
arises from axon hillock
hillock and first segment called trigger zone
cytoplasm called axoplasm
plasma membrane: axolemma
branches: terminal arborization
synaptic knob
Types of neurons
multipolar
bipolar
unipolar
anaxonic
multipolar neuron
and axon and 2 or more dendrites
bipolar neuron
one axon
one dendrite
unipolar neuron
one process arising from the cell body
anaxonic neuron
dendrites
NO axon
Neuronal support cells
neuroglia (Glial cells)
glial cell types
of the CNS
oligodendrocytes
ependymal
microglia
astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
produce myelin
ependymal
line internal CNS cavities
produce CSF
microlglia
macrophages of CNS
dispose of waste
astrocytes
supportive framework of CNS
blood brain barrier
nourishment of neurons
homeostatic maintenance
repair damaged CNS tissue
PNS glial cells
schwann
satellite
schwann cells
produce neurilemma and myelin
satellite cells
electrically insulate the cell body
regulate chemical environment or neuron
myelin sheath
insulating sheath wrapped around certain nerve fibers
spiral layers of plasma
PNS schwann cell
neurilemma
coverd in basal lamina
covered in endoneurium
nerve signal transmission velocity
myelinated and large diameter faster transmission
signal jumps from node to node in myelinated cell
Schwann cells and regeneration
neurilemma and endoneurium required
for a regeneration tube that guides regrowing nerve
Only in PNS
CNS lacks
synaptic junction
point where nerve fiber ends at target cell
decision making information processing points
more synapse=more data
synapse structure
presynaptic neuron
postsynaptic neuron
presynaptic neuron
terminates on
dendrite (axondendrititic)
cell body (axosomatic)
or axon (axoaxonic)
types of synapes
chemical
electrical
chemical synapse
neurotransmitter is released
corsses synaptic cleft and binds to receptors
excitatory
inhibitory
electrical synapse
(gap junction)
cardiac ans smooth muscle
very rapid transmission
no decision making
