Muscles of the upper limb - Week 1 Flashcards by Gian Roman

Sternocleidomastoid origin

Mastoid process on inferior/posterior temporal bone, occipital bone on posterior skull

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Sternocleidomastoid Insertion

Manubrium of sternum, clavicle

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Sternocleidomastoid innervation

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

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Sternocleidomastoid Function

Unilateral contraction: lateral flexion and rotation of head (causes to face up and away from muscle), Bilateral contraction: extends head at neck and flexes neck to bring chin down towards chest

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Omohyoid origin

Superior border of scapula near suprascapular notch

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Omohyoid insertion

Inferior hyoid bone in neck

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Omohyoid Innervation

Ventral rami of cervical plexus

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Omohyoid Function

Depresses hyoid bone

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Scalenes Origin

Ribs 1 and 2

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Scalenes Insertion

Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

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Scalenes innervation

Ventral rami of cervical plexus

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Scalenes function

Laterally flex neck, elevate ribs to aid inhalation

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Scalenes misc

3 muscles: anterior/middle/posterior. Phrenic nerve travels over anterior, trunks of brachial plexus emerge between anterior/middle

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Pectoralis major origin

Clavicle, sternum & costal cartilages

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Pectoralis major innervation

Lateral and medial pectoral nerves

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Pec major function

Adducts and medially rotates humerus, can also flex and extend from flexed position

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Pec minor origin

Ribs 3-5

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Pec minor insertion

Coracoid process of scapula

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Pec minor innervation

Medial pectoral nerve

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Pec minor function

Stabilizes scapula

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Serratus anterior origin

Lateral surface of ribs 1-8

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Serratus anterior insertion

Anterior surface of medial border of scapula

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Serratus anterior innervation

Long thoracic nerve

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Serratus anterior function

Protracts scapula and stabilizes against ribs, rotates scapula

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Deltoid origin

Clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

Deltoid insertion

Deltoid tuberosity

Deltoid innervation

Axillary nerve

Deltoid function

Flexes, abducts, and rotatates arm at shoulder

Infraspinatus origin

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Infraspinatus insertion

Greater tubercle

Infraspinatus Innervation

Suprascapular nerve

Infraspinatus function

Laterally rotate arm at shoulder

Infraspinatus notes

Rotator cuff (SITS), superior landmark of quadrangular space & triangular space

Supraspinatus origin

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Supraspinatus insertion

Greater tubercle

Supraspinatus innervation

Suprascapular nerve

Supraspinatus function

Abduct arm at shoulder (initiate abduction)

Supraspinatus Notes

Rotator cuff (SITS)

Teres minor origin

Lateral border of scapula

Teres minor insertion

Greater tubercle

Teres minor innervation

Axillary nerve

Teres minor function

Laterally rotate arm at shoulder

Teres minor notes

Rotator cuff (SITS), inserts alongside infraspinatus

Subscapularis origin

Subscapular fossa

Subscapularis insertion

Lesser tubercle

Subscapularis innervation

Upper and lower subscapular nerves

Subscapularis function

Medially rotate arm at shoulder, stabilizes arm in glenoid fossa and resists dislocation

Teres major origin

Inferior angle of scapula

Teres major insertion

Intertubercular groove

Teres major Innervation

Lower subscapular nerve

Teres major function

Adduct and medially rotate arm at shoulder

Teres major notes

Inferior landmark of quadrangular space & triangular space

Biceps brachii origin

Coracoid process of scapula (short head), glenoid fossa and joint soft tissue of scapula (long head)

Biceps brachii insertion

Bicipital tubercle of radius, fascia of forearm

Biceps brachii innervation

Musculocutaneous nerve

Biceps brachii function

Supinates and flexes forearm at elbow, stabilizes shoulder

Coracobrachialis origin

Coracoid process of scapula

Coracobrachialis insertion

Medial shaft of humerus

Coracobrachialis innervation

Musculocutaneous nerve

Coracobrachialis function

Flexes and adducts arm at shoulder

Brachialis origin

Anterodistal shaft of humerus

Brachialis insertion

Proximal anterior ulna

Brachialis innervation

Musculocutaneous nerve

Brachialis function

Flexes forearm at elbow

Triceps brachii origin

Infraglenoid tubercle (long head), posterior shaft of humerus (lateral and medial heads)

Triceps brachii insertion

Olecranon process of ulna, fascia of forearm

Triceps brachii innervation

Radial nerve

Triceps brachii function

Extends forearm at elbow, long head resists dislocation

Triceps brachii misc

Long head forms medial border of quadrangular space, lateral border of triangular space