Anatomy of the heart Flashcards
Heart Function
Pumps blood through pulmonary circulation to lungs and systemic circulation to rest of body
Opening of Coronary Sinus Function
Returns venous blood from the coronary circulation to the right atrium
Notes: Opening lies on the inferior side of the atrium anterior to the foramen ovale and opening of the IVC
Heart Innervation
vagus nerve (parasympathetic); thoracic sympathetic trunk T1-T4 (sympathetic)
sensation pathways: unconscious/reflex (vagus) pain (sympathetic)
Also contains intrinsic nervous system to control cardiac muscle contractions (SA Node, AV node and fibers)
Right Atrium Function
Receives venous blood from superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus. Pumps blood to right ventricle
Heart Blood supply
Coronary arteries
Right Atrium Blood supply & Innervation
Blood: Right coronary artery
Innervation: see heart
Right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve Function
Regulates blood flow between the right atrium and right ventricle
Has 3 valve leaflets
Pectinate muscles Function
Strips of muscles that project off crista terminalis
Notes: Demarcates muscular part of the right atrium
Right Ventricle Functions
Receives blood from the right atrium, pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk to lungs
Right Ventricle Blood Supply & Innervation
Blood: Right coronary artery
Innervation: see heart
Notes: Most anterior part of heart
Interventricular Septum Function
Divides left and right ventricles.
Interventricular Septum Blood supply & Innervation
Blood: Anterior 3/4 from anterior interventricular artery (LAD), posterior 1/4 typically from posterior interventricular artery
Innervation: see heart
Right ventricle papillary muscles (anterior, septal, posterior) Function
Contracts to maintain av valve sufficiency to prevent backflow of blood during ventricular contraction
Attached to the right atrioventricular valve via tendons called chordae tendinea
Septomarginal trabecula (moderator band) Function
Transmits nervous impulses to anterior papillary muscle from interventricular septum-coordinates papillary muscle contraction
Spans from the interventricular septum to the anterior papillary muscle
Right Semilunar Valve (Pulmonic valve) Function
Prevents backflow of blood to the right ventricle
Left Atrium Function
Receives oxygenated venous blood from the lungs, pumps blood to left ventricle
Trabeculae carneae Function
Projections of ventricular muscle into the lumen
Notes: Found in both ventricles
Left Atrium Blood Supply & Innervation
Blood: Left coronary artery
Innervation: see heart
Notes: Most posterior part of heart
Left atrioventricular (bicuspid or mitral) valve Function
Regulates blood flow between the left atrium and left ventricle
Left atrioventricular (bicuspid or mitral) valve Blood Supply & Innervation
Blood: Left coronary artery
Innervation: see heart
Notes: Has 2 valve leaflets
Left ventricle Function
Receives blood from the left atrium, pumps blood into the aorta to systemic circulation
Left ventricle papillary muscles (anterior, posterior) Function
Contracts to maintain av valve sufficiency to prevent backflow of blood during ventricular contraction
Left Ventricle Blood Supply & Innervation
Blood: Left coronary artery
Innervation: see heart
Notes: Wall is thicker in the left ventricle than the right ventricle
Left ventricle papillary muscles (anterior, posterior) Blood Supply & Innervation
Blood: Left coronary artery
Innervation: see
Notes: Attached to the left atrioventricular valve via tendons called chordae tendinea
Left semilunar valve (aortic valve)
Function
Prevents backflow of blood to the left ventricle
Left semilunar valve (aortic valve) Blood Supply & Innervation
Blood: Left coronary artery
Innervation: see heart
Notes: Just distal to the valve leaflets are the openings of the coronary arteries
