Lower limb (Thigh) Flashcards
Iliopsoas Muscle
Origin:
Lumbar vertebrae, iliac crest, iliac fossa, sacrum
Insertion:
Lesser trochanter of femur
Innervation:
Anterior rami of lumbar spinal never, femoral nerve
Function:
Flex thigh at hip joint
Pectineus Muscle
Origin:
Superior ramus of pubis
Insertion:
Shaft of femur just distal to lesser trochanter
Innervation: Femoral nerve
Function:
aDDuct/ flex thigh at hip joint, medial rotation
Sartorius muscle
Origin:
Anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion:
Proximomedial tibia
Innervation
Femoral nerve
Function
Flexes, ADDucts/laterally rotates thigh at hip, flexes leg at knee
Rectus Femoris muscle
Origin:
Anterior inferior iliac spine
Insertion:
Quadriceps tendon to patella/patellar ligament
Innervation:
Femoral nerve
Function
Extend leg at the knee, flexes thigh at hip
Vastus intermedius (muscle)
Origin:
Anterior shaft of femur
Insertion:
Quadriceps tendon to patella/patellar ligament
Innervation:
Femoral nerve
Function:
Extends leg at knee
Vastus medialis (muscle)
Origin:
Medial shaft of femur
Insertion:
Quadriceps tendon to patella/patellar ligament
Innervation:
Femoral nerve
Function:
extends leg at knee
Vastus lateralis (muscle)
Origin
Greater trochanter, lateral shaft of femur
Insertion:
Quadriceps tendon to patella/patellar ligament
Innervation
Femoral nerve
Function
extends leg at knee
Gracilis (muscle)
Origin:
Inferior pubis
Insertion:
Proximomedial tibia
Innervation:
Obturator nerve
Function:
ADDuct thigh at hip, flexes leg at knee, medial rotation of leg
Adductor longus (muscle)
Origin
Insertion
Medial shaft of femur
Innervation:
Obturator nerve
Function
ADDuct thigh at hip
Adductor brevis (muscle)
Origin:
Inferior pubis
Insertion:
Anteromedial femur just distal to lesser trochanter
Innervation:
Obturator nerve
Function:
ADDuct thigh at hip
Adductor magnus (muscle)
Origin:
Inferior pubis, inferior ischium/ischial tuberosity
Insertion:
Posteromedial surface of femur along its length, ADDuctor tubercle
Innervation:
Obturator nerve, sciatic nerve
Function
ADDuct thigh at hip, capable of extension/flexion at hip too
Tensor fasciae latae (muscle)
Origin:
Anterior superior iliac spine, anterior iliac crest
Insertion:
Iliotibial tract
Innervation:
Superior gluteal nerve
Function:
Abduct thigh at hip, medial rotation of hip, keep hips level when walking,
Biceps femoris (muscle)
Origin:
Ischial tuberosity (long head), distolateral femur (short head)
Insertion:
Lateral head of fibula
Innervation:
Sciatic nerve
Function:
Flexes leg at knee, rotation of leg, extends thigh at hip
Semitendinosus (muscle)
Origin:
Ischial tuberosity
Insertion:
Medial surface of proximal tibia
Innervation:
Sciatic nerve
Function:
Flexes leg at knee, rotation of leg, extends thigh at hip
Semimembranosus (muscle)
Origin:
Ischial tuberosity
Insertion:
Posteromedial surface of proximal tibia
Innervation:
Sciatic nerve
Function:
Flexes leg at knee, rotation of leg, extends thigh at hip
Iliotibial tract (IT band)
Origin:
Tensor fasciae latae, gluteus maximus
Distribution:
proximolateral tibia
Notes: Thickened part of myofascia covering muscles in thigh
Quadriceps tendon
Origin:
Quadriceps muscle group
Distribution:
Patella
Notes: blends into patellar ligament distally
Patellar ligament
Origin
Patella
Distribution:
Tibial tuberosity
Anterior cruciate ligament
Origin:
Posteromedial side of lateral condyle of femur
Distribution:
Anteromedial aspect of intercondylar area of tibia
Notes: Unhappy triad, restricts anterior drawer
Posterior cruciate ligament
Origin:
Anteromedial side of medial condyle of femur
Distribution:
Posterior intercondylar area of tibia
Notes: restricts posterior drawer
Lateral meniscus
Origin:
Popliteus tendon, small ligaments of lateral knee
Distribution:
Border of lateral articulation between femur/tibia, intercondylar area
Medial meniscus
Origin:
PCL (posterior cruciate ligament), medial collateral ligament
Distribution:
Border of medial articulation between femur/tibia, anteriomedial tibia
Notes: Unhappy triad
Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament
Origin:
Lateral epicondyle of femur
Distribution:
head of fibula
Notes: unhappy triad
Tibial (medial) collateral ligament
Origin:
Medial epicondyle of femur
Distribution:
Medial surface of shaft of tibia
Notes: unhappy triad
Femoral artery
Arises from: External iliac artery
Drains into:
Deep femoral artery, femoral circumflex arteries, popliteal artery
Notes: artery of anterior thigh
Deep femoral artery
Arises from: Femoral artery
Enters/drains into: Posterior compartment of thigh
Femoral circumflex arteries
Arises from:
Femoral artery
Drains into:
Neck/head of femur
Notes: Lateral and medial branches
Popliteal artery
Arises from:
Femoral artery
Drains into: Anterior/posterior tibial arteries
Femoral vein
Arises from:
Popliteal vein, deep femoral vein, great saphenous vein
Drains into:
External iliac vein
Popliteal vein
Arises from:
Anterior/posterior tibial veins
Drains into
Femoral vein
Great saphenous vein
Arises from
Skin of medial thigh/leg
Drains into:
femoral vein
Femoral nerve
spinal cord levels: L2-L4
Source: Lumbar plexus (L2-L4)
Destination: runs from lumbar nerve over ilipsoas (under iliopsoas fascia), below inguinal ligament, into thigh where it branches
Innervates:
Anterior compartment muscles, skin of anterior thigh
Saphenous nerve
Spinal cord levels: L3-L4
Source: Femoral nerve
Destination:
Runs with femoral artery and vein toward the ADDuctor canal, does not pass through the canel, runs under sartorius to medial leg to travel with great saphenous vein
Innervates: Sensory innervation to medial leg/foot
Notes: only femoral branch that goes past knee, does not pass through Adductor hiatus
Sciatic Nerve
Spinal cord levels:
L4-S3
Source:
Lumbar trunk of lumbar plexus (L4/L5), sacral plexus S1-S3
Destination:
Emerges under piriformis (small muscles) in gluteal region deep to gluteus maximus, runs into posterior thigh deep to/between hamstrings/divides into tibial and common fibular nerves
Innervates:
Muscles of posterior thigh
Notes: not cutaneous innervation in thigh
Tibial nerve
Spinal levels: L4-S3
Source: Sciatic nerve
Destination:
Runs under gastrocnemius and posterior leg muscles, enters tarsal tunnel to foot
Innervates:
Muscles of posterior compartment of leg
Common fibular nerve
Spinal levels:
L4-S2
Source
Sciatic nerve
Destination:
Runs lateral to knee, divides into deep and superficial fibular branches to enter anterior/lateral compartment of leg
Innervates:
Skin on proximal lateral leg
