Lower limb (Thigh) Flashcards by Gian Roman

Iliopsoas Muscle

Origin:
Lumbar vertebrae, iliac crest, iliac fossa, sacrum

Insertion:
Lesser trochanter of femur

Innervation:
Anterior rami of lumbar spinal never, femoral nerve

Function:
Flex thigh at hip joint

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Pectineus Muscle

Origin:
Superior ramus of pubis

Insertion:
Shaft of femur just distal to lesser trochanter

Innervation: Femoral nerve

Function:

aDDuct/ flex thigh at hip joint, medial rotation

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Sartorius muscle

Origin:
Anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion:
Proximomedial tibia

Innervation
Femoral nerve

Function
Flexes, ADDucts/laterally rotates thigh at hip, flexes leg at knee

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Rectus Femoris muscle

Origin:
Anterior inferior iliac spine

Insertion:
Quadriceps tendon to patella/patellar ligament

Innervation:
Femoral nerve

Function
Extend leg at the knee, flexes thigh at hip

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Vastus intermedius (muscle)

Origin:
Anterior shaft of femur

Insertion:
Quadriceps tendon to patella/patellar ligament

Innervation:
Femoral nerve

Function:
Extends leg at knee

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Vastus medialis (muscle)

Origin:
Medial shaft of femur

Insertion:
Quadriceps tendon to patella/patellar ligament

Innervation:
Femoral nerve

Function:
extends leg at knee

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Vastus lateralis (muscle)

Origin
Greater trochanter, lateral shaft of femur

Insertion:
Quadriceps tendon to patella/patellar ligament

Innervation
Femoral nerve

Function
extends leg at knee

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Gracilis (muscle)

Origin:
Inferior pubis

Insertion:
Proximomedial tibia

Innervation:
Obturator nerve

Function:
ADDuct thigh at hip, flexes leg at knee, medial rotation of leg

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Adductor longus (muscle)

Origin

Insertion
Medial shaft of femur

Innervation:
Obturator nerve

Function
ADDuct thigh at hip

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Adductor brevis (muscle)

Origin:
Inferior pubis

Insertion:
Anteromedial femur just distal to lesser trochanter

Innervation:
Obturator nerve

Function:
ADDuct thigh at hip

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Adductor magnus (muscle)

Origin:

Inferior pubis, inferior ischium/ischial tuberosity

Insertion:
Posteromedial surface of femur along its length, ADDuctor tubercle

Innervation:
Obturator nerve, sciatic nerve

Function
ADDuct thigh at hip, capable of extension/flexion at hip too

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Tensor fasciae latae (muscle)

Origin:
Anterior superior iliac spine, anterior iliac crest

Insertion:
Iliotibial tract

Innervation:
Superior gluteal nerve

Function:
Abduct thigh at hip, medial rotation of hip, keep hips level when walking,

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Biceps femoris (muscle)

Origin:

Ischial tuberosity (long head), distolateral femur (short head)

Insertion:
Lateral head of fibula

Innervation:
Sciatic nerve

Function:
Flexes leg at knee, rotation of leg, extends thigh at hip

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Semitendinosus (muscle)

Origin:
Ischial tuberosity

Insertion:
Medial surface of proximal tibia

Innervation:
Sciatic nerve

Function:
Flexes leg at knee, rotation of leg, extends thigh at hip

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Semimembranosus (muscle)

Origin:
Ischial tuberosity

Insertion:
Posteromedial surface of proximal tibia

Innervation:
Sciatic nerve

Function:
Flexes leg at knee, rotation of leg, extends thigh at hip

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Iliotibial tract (IT band)

Origin:
Tensor fasciae latae, gluteus maximus

Distribution:
proximolateral tibia

Notes: Thickened part of myofascia covering muscles in thigh

Quadriceps tendon

Origin:
Quadriceps muscle group

Distribution:
Patella

Notes: blends into patellar ligament distally

Patellar ligament

Origin
Patella

Distribution:
Tibial tuberosity

Anterior cruciate ligament

Origin:
Posteromedial side of lateral condyle of femur

Distribution:
Anteromedial aspect of intercondylar area of tibia

Notes: Unhappy triad, restricts anterior drawer

Posterior cruciate ligament

Origin:
Anteromedial side of medial condyle of femur

Distribution:
Posterior intercondylar area of tibia

Notes: restricts posterior drawer

Lateral meniscus

Origin:
Popliteus tendon, small ligaments of lateral knee

Distribution:
Border of lateral articulation between femur/tibia, intercondylar area

Medial meniscus

Origin:
PCL (posterior cruciate ligament), medial collateral ligament

Distribution:
Border of medial articulation between femur/tibia, anteriomedial tibia

Notes: Unhappy triad

Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament

Origin:
Lateral epicondyle of femur

Distribution:
head of fibula

Notes: unhappy triad

Tibial (medial) collateral ligament

Origin:
Medial epicondyle of femur

Distribution:
Medial surface of shaft of tibia

Notes: unhappy triad

Femoral artery

Arises from: External iliac artery Drains into: Deep femoral artery, femoral circumflex arteries, popliteal artery Notes: artery of anterior thigh

Deep femoral artery

Arises from: Femoral artery Enters/drains into: Posterior compartment of thigh

Femoral circumflex arteries

Arises from: Femoral artery Drains into: Neck/head of femur Notes: Lateral and medial branches

Popliteal artery

Arises from: Femoral artery Drains into: Anterior/posterior tibial arteries

Femoral vein

Arises from: Popliteal vein, deep femoral vein, great saphenous vein Drains into: External iliac vein

Popliteal vein

Arises from: Anterior/posterior tibial veins Drains into Femoral vein

Great saphenous vein

Arises from Skin of medial thigh/leg Drains into: femoral vein

Femoral nerve

spinal cord levels: L2-L4 Source: Lumbar plexus (L2-L4) Destination: runs from lumbar nerve over ilipsoas (under iliopsoas fascia), below inguinal ligament, into thigh where it branches Innervates: Anterior compartment muscles, skin of anterior thigh

Saphenous nerve

Spinal cord levels: L3-L4 Source: Femoral nerve Destination: Runs with femoral artery and vein toward the ADDuctor canal, does not pass through the canel, runs under sartorius to medial leg to travel with great saphenous vein Innervates: Sensory innervation to medial leg/foot Notes: only femoral branch that goes past knee, does not pass through Adductor hiatus

Sciatic Nerve

Spinal cord levels: L4-S3 Source: Lumbar trunk of lumbar plexus (L4/L5), sacral plexus S1-S3 Destination: Emerges under piriformis (small muscles) in gluteal region deep to gluteus maximus, runs into posterior thigh deep to/between hamstrings/divides into tibial and common fibular nerves Innervates: Muscles of posterior thigh Notes: not cutaneous innervation in thigh

Tibial nerve

Spinal levels: L4-S3 Source: Sciatic nerve Destination: Runs under gastrocnemius and posterior leg muscles, enters tarsal tunnel to foot Innervates: Muscles of posterior compartment of leg

Common fibular nerve

Spinal levels: L4-S2 Source Sciatic nerve Destination: Runs lateral to knee, divides into deep and superficial fibular branches to enter anterior/lateral compartment of leg Innervates: Skin on proximal lateral leg