Muscles of the thigh Flashcards
What are the compartments of the thigh?
The anterior, posterior, and medial compartments.
What muscle makes up the anterior compartment of the thigh?
The quadratus femoris (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermediat)
What innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
The femoral nerve.
What is the articularis genus muscle?
The articularis genus muscle is a muscle that originates from below the vastus intermedius and ends at the suprapatellar bursae to pull it during extension.
What does the psoas major originate from?
The psoas major originates from T12-L5, the intervening IVDs, and the lumbar transverse processes).
What does the psoas major attach to?
The psoas major attaches to the lesser trochanter of the femur.
What innervates the psoas major?
L1-L3
What is the origin of the iliacus muscle?
The iliac fossa, sacroiliac ligament, iliolumbar ligament, the lateral walls of sacrum.
You don’t have to mention all of this, mention just the iliac fossa
What innervates the iliacus muscle?
The L2-L3 nerves.
What is the insertion of the vastus lateral and intermedialis muscle?
The lateral patellar margin and the quadriceps femoris tendon.
What is the origin of vastus medialis?
Medial aspect of the intertrochanteric line, pectinate line, medial aspect of linea aspera, and medial supracondylar line
What is the insertion of vastus medialis?
The tendon of quadratus femoris and the medial patellar margin
What is the innervation of the quadratus femoris?
The femoral nerve (anterior rami fo L2-L4).
Where does the rectus femoris originate from?
The straight head from the AIIS, the reflected head from above the acetabulum.
What is the insertion of the rectus femoris?
Quadriceps femoris tendon.
What are the functions of the 3 vastus muscles?
The extend the leg at the knee joint.
What is the iliopsoas muscle complex useful for?
The flexion of legs at the hip joint.
What is the function of rectus femoris?
It flexes the knee and hip joint.
What is the origin of the sartorius muscle?
ASIS
What is the insertion of the sartorius muscle?
The medial surface of the tibia.
What is the function of the sartorius muscle?
Flexes the thigh at hip joint and the leg at knee joint.
What is the origin of vastus intermedius?
Upper 2/3rds of the anterior and lateral surface.
There’s a reason why it attaches to the lateral patellar margin, because it doesn’t originate from the **medial surface of the thigh.
2/3rds while the lower 1/3rd is by the genus articularis.
What is the origin of vastus lateralis?
Lateral part of intertrochanteric line, lateral margin of greater trochanter, lateral margin of the gluteal tuberosity, lateral lip of linea aspera.
Think as if you’re beginning from the intertrochanteric line to the behind and passing down.
What does the sartorius muscle attach to and with which other muscles does it also form a joint tendon? What is this tendon called?
The sartorius joins with the gracilis and semitendinosus muscle, forming the pes anserinus.
How do tendinous avulsions happen?
Typically a small fragment bone fracture is enough to cause tendinous avulsions of the rectus femoris (most commonly)
What are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?
Gracilis, pectineus, adductor longus, magnus, brevis, and obturator externus.
What nerve innervates the medial muscles of the thigh?
The obturator nerve with the expection of the pectineus muscles (receiving supply from the femoral nerve) and the adductor magnus (receiving supply from the sciatic nerve.
What is the preceeder and attachment of the patellar ligament?
It is continuous with the quadratus femoris, attaches with the apex of the patella and below to the tibial tuberosity.
True or false?
The adductor magnus it the most superficial muscle of the thigh
False, it is the deepest
What is the origin of the adductor magnus?
The ischial tuberosity.
Remember that one picture
What does the adductor magnus form in the adductor canal?
The distal posterior canal.
Where does the medial (hamstring) part of the adductor magnus attach to?
The medial supracondylar line
Where does the lateral (adductor) part of the adductor magnus insert to?
The adductor tubercle on the superior of the medial condyle
True or false?
The adductor and hamstring part of the adductor magnus covers each other with no hiatus between them.
False, they have an inferior hiatus called the adductor hiatus.
What is the function of the adductor hiatus?
To allow femoral vessels to pass through.
What part of the adductor magnus is supplied by the obturator nerve?
The adductor aspect
What is the lateral (hamstring) part of the adductor magnus innervated by?
The sciatic nerve
Where does the pectineus muscle originate from?
Pecten pubis and surrounding bones.
Where does the pectineus muscle insert?
The pectineal line descending from lesser trochanter to the libea aspera.
What are the 3 muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Semimembranous, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris.
What is the most common cause of water skiing damage on the lower limb musculature?
Hamstring tendon avulsions.
What is compartment syndrome?
A syndrome which occurs when a compartment of the limb experiences a swelling that presses on the neurovascular bundles, compromising the neurovascular supply to the respective muscles.
What is the pathophysiology of compartment syndrome?
Imagine a muscle supplied by a single vein and a single artery, a muscle damage will cause an inflammatory process to occur, fluids will move inside the muscle, increasing fluid in the muscle, consequently increasing the size, pressing on the artery.
The artery being unable to supply the muscles causes necrosis, causing further inflammatory as the cyclye begins again.
The veins also fail to return blood to the heart, causing buildup and furthering oedema.
What are the 6Ps in compartment syndrome?
- Pulse,
- Parasthesia,
- Pain on the posterior compartment of the posterior part of the leg during dorsoflexion and anterior part of the leg during plantarflexion,
- Pallor or pink,
- Pressure (pain when touched) – feeling woodlike
- Paralysis
What is the etiology of acute compartment syndrome?
Mostly because of fracture, thermal burns, crushing injury, penetrating injury, bleeding disorder of thrombosis.
What is the origin of the gracilis muscle?
The body of pubis, inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium
U-shaped if you imagine it, body of pubis, inferior ramus, ischial ramus.
What is the insertion of the gracilis muscle?
The medial of the tibia (pes anserinus).
What is the innervation of the obturator nerve?
Obturator nerve.
What does the gracilis muscle do?
Adducts leg at hip joint and flexes at the knee joint.
What does the pectineus muscle originate from?
The pecten pubis.
What does the pectineus muscle attach from?
The oblique line that extends from the base of the lesser trochanter.
What is the origin of adductor longus?
The adductor longus originates from the pubis
What is the insertion of adductor longus?
The middle 1/3rd of the linea aspera.
What does the adductor brevis originate from?
The pubis and the inferior pubic rami.
What does adductor brevis attach to?
The proximal one third of femur and the upper one third of linea aspera
What is the insertion of the hamstring aspect of the adductor magnus?
The linea aspera, the medial supracondylar line.
What is the origin of the obturator externus muscle?
The external surface of the obturator membrane.
What is the attachment of the obturator externus?
The trochanteric fossa.
What is the function of the gracilis muscle?
The gracilis muscle adducts hip and flexes thigh.
What is the function of the pectineus muscles?
Flexes the hip and knee
What is the function of adductor magnus and longus?
Medial rotation and adduction of femur.
What is the function of adductor brevis?
The addutor brevis only adducts the leg.
What is the function of the obturator externus?
Lateral rotation.
What is the origin of biceps femoris long head?
Ischial tuberosity
Inferomedial of its upper part
What is the origin of biceps femoris short head?
The lateral of linea aspera.
What is the insertion of biceps femoris?
The fibula.
What is the origin of semimembranosus?
The superolateral ischial tuberosity.
What is the origin of semitendinosus?
The inferomedial of ischial tuberosity.
What is the insertion of semitendinosus?
The medial shaft of the fibula.
Pes anserine.
What is the insertion of semimembranous muscle?
Medial and posterior surface of medial condyle.
What is the specialty of biceps femoris function?
Extends and laterally rotates
thigh at hip joint and laterally
rotates leg at knee joint
What is the specialty of semitendinosus function?
Extends thigh at hip joint;
medially rotates thigh at hip
joint and leg at knee joint
What is the specialty of semimembranosus muscle?
Extends thigh at hip joint;
medially rotates thigh at hip
joint and leg at knee joint
