Femur

Question 1

Is the greater trochanter of the femur medial or lateral?

Answer 1

Lateral

Question 2

Explain the muscle attachments related to the greater trochanter and trochanteric fossa!

Answer 2

Lateral of the trochanteric fossa - obturator externus

Anterolateral of the greater trochanter - gluteus minimus

Posterolateral of the greater trochanter - gluteus medius

Superomedial of the greater trochanter - obturator internus

Above the obturator internus - piriformis

Question 3

What is the femoral triangle and its borders?

Answer 3

The femoral triangle is a depression formed in the thigh and consists of multiple borders:

Base: inguinal ligament
Apex: continuous with the adductor canal
Medial: adductor longus
Lateral: sartorius
Floor: adductor longus and pectineus (medially) and the iliopsoas muscle (laterally)

Question 4

What structure surround the femoral nerve, artery, vein, and lymphs?

Answer 4

The femoral sheath.

Question 5

How can you divide the compartments of the femoral sheath and the vessels in it?

Answer 5

You can divide it into lateral (nerve and artery), intermediate (vein), and medial (lymph compartments.

Question 6

What is the femoral sheath continuous with superiorly?

Answer 6

The transversalis and iliacus fascia.

Question 7

What does the femoral sheath combine with inferiorly?

Answer 7

The connective tissue of the related vessels.

Question 8

What ridge is on the posterolateral aspect of the proximal femur?

It is used to attach muscles.

Answer 8

The gluteal tuberosity where the gluteus maximus attaches.

Question 9

What is the roughened long crest located on the posterior of the femur called?

Answer 9

The linea aspera.

Question 10

What does the linea aspera split to at the distal end of the femur?

Answer 10

Into the lateral and medial supracondylar line.

Question 11

What tubercle is formed at the termination of the medial supracondylar line?

Answer 11

The adductor tubercle on the superior aspect of the medial condyle

Question 12

What muscle attaches to the lateral of the supracondylar line?

Answer 12

The attachment of the gastrocnemius muscle.

Question 13

What are the 2 “swellings” of the distal end of the femur called?

Where are they separated and where are they joined?

Answer 13

The condyles, they are separated at the posterior, we call it condylar fossa, anteriorly, they are joined as they articulate with the patella.

Question 14

What is the topographic appearance of the tibial articulation on the femur?

Answer 14

Rounded posteriorly and flattened inferiorly.

Question 15

What is located posterior to the lateral epicondyle?

Answer 15

The lateral head of gastrocnemius and the popliteus muscles.

Question 16

What is located superior to the medial condyle/posterosuperior to the medial epicondyle?

Answer 16

The adductor tubercle

Question 17

True or false?

The patellar surface forms an M shape that faces posteriorly.

Answer 17

False, it’s a V shape that faces anteriorly.

Question 18

What are epicondyles in relation to condyles? How do they differ? Correlate it with their functions!

Answer 18

Epicondyles are bony elevations located on the nonarticular surfaces of the condyles. They function as the place for ligament attachment.

Question 19

What exists laterally to lower end of the medial supracondylar line?

Answer 19

The medial gastrocnemius head.

Question 20

What exists at the posterior of the lateral epicondyle?

Answer 20

The lateral head of gastrocnemius and the popliteus muscle.