Muscles: Lower Limb Flashcards
1
1 Iliolumbar ligament
6
6 Inguinal ligament
7
7 Sacrospinous ligament
8 (bone structure)
8 Greater trochanter
9
9 Iliofemoral ligament (vertical band)
12
Iliolumbar and ventral sacro-iliac
ligaments
15
15 Iliofemoral ligament (horizontal band)
16
(it’s the hole)
16 Obturator canal
17
17 Obturator membrane
18
18 Greater sciatic foramen
19
19 Sacrospinous ligament
base at sacrum to the apex at ischial spine
20
20 Sacrotuberous ligament
from sacrum to ischial tuberosity
21
21 Lesser sciatic foramen
23
23 Ischiofemoral ligament
27
27 Dorsal sacro-iliac ligaments
28
28 Coccyx with superficial dorsal
sacrococcygeal ligament
ligament of the head of the femur that connects within the acetabular fossa
Intracaspular ligament which is actually
a Synovial fold containing a small artery to the head of femur. Have a
wide end that attaches to the transverse Acetabular ligament and a narrow
end that attaches to the fovea for ligament of the head of femur.
1
Zona orbicularis
a ligament on the neck of the femur formed by the circular fibers of the articular capsule of the hip joint
35
35 Pubofemoral ligament
acetabular labrum
(SKIP UNTIL FIXED)
The lower extremity has ____ total muscles.
They can be divided according to location, function, or innervation.
3
5 below
Iliopsoas muscle
combination of Psoas major and Iliacus
surrounded by illiac fascia and inserts on lesser trochanter
• Flexes thigh at hip
• Flexes vertebral
column
Lumbar Plexus
(L1-L3)
5
21 below
Tensor fasciae latae muscle
Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine, Iliac crest
Insertion: Iliotibial tract
• Flexes thigh at hip
• Abducts thigh
• Rotates thigh
medially
Superior Gluteal nerve
(L5-S1)
6
Sartorius muscle
O:Anterior superior, iliac spine
I: Medial tibia
• Flexes thigh at hip
• Rotates thigh
laterally
• Flexes leg at knee
12 below
Femoral nerve
(L2-L4)
7
Rectus femoris muscle
part of the quadriceps
O: Anterior inferior iliac spine
I: Patella and tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris and patellar ligament
- Extends leg at knee
- Flexes thigh at hip
1 below
Femoral nerve
(L2-L4)
8
Iliotibial tract -fibrous reinforcement of the fascia lata
originates at the anterior portion of the external lip of the iliac crest
inserts at the lateral condyle of the tibia/Gerdy’s tubercle
extend, abduct, and laterally rotate the hip. contributes to lateral knee stabilization
9
Vastus lateralis muscle
part of quadriceps
O:Greater trochanter of the femur, Intertrochanteric line, Linea aspera of femur
I:Patella and tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris and patellar ligament
- Extends leg at knee
- Stabilizes knee
7
Femoral nerve
(L2-L4)
15
Pectineus muscle
O: Superior ramus of pubis
I: Linea aspera of femur
• Adducts thigh
• Flexes thigh at hip
• Rotates thigh
medially
19
Obturator nerve
(L2-L4)
16
Adductor longus muscle
O: Pubis – near pubic symphysis
I: Linea aspera of femur
• Adducts thigh
• Flexes thigh at hip
• Rotates thigh
medially
17
Obturator nerve
(L2-L4)
17
Gracilis muscle
O: Inferior ramus of pubis, Body of the pubis
I: Medial surface of tibia
- Adducts thigh
- Flexes leg at knee
- Rotates leg medially
16
Obturator nerve
(L2-L4)
18
Vastus medialis muscle
part of quadriceps
O: Linea aspera of femur, Intertrochanteric line
I:Patella and tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris and patellar ligament
- Extends leg at knee
- Stabilizes patella
5
Femoral nerve
(L2-L4)
20
Adductor brevis muscle
O: Inferior ramus of pubis
I: Linea aspera of femur
- Adducts thigh
- Rotates thigh medially
18
Obturator nerve
(L2-L4)
2
Vastus intermedius muscle
part of the quadriceps
I: Shaft of the femur
O: Patella and tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris and patellar ligament
• Extends leg at knee
3
Femoral nerve
(L2-L4)
29, 30, and 31 are the ?
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Saphenous nerve
adductor canal
these blood vessels and this nerve run medially between the vastus medialis, sartorius, and adductor longus
There are __ adductors
7 adductors
gracilis, pectineus, adductor magnus, adductor brevis, adductor minimus, adductor longus, quadratus femoris
5
Obturator externus muscle
O:External surface of Obturator membrane and surrounding bone
I: Trochanteric fossa of femur
lateral rotator of the hip joint
9
Obturator nerve
(L2-L4)
3
posterior view
Piriformis muscle
O: Lateral surface of sacrum
I: Greater trochanter of femur
• Rotates thigh
laterally when hip is
extended
10
Sacral plexus
(L5-S2)
13
Superior gemellus muscle
part of triceps coxae with the inferior gamellus and oberator internus.
O: ischial spine
I: trochanteric fossa
they assist obterator instenus and Both muscles also help to laterally rotate the extended thigh and abduct the flexed thigh at the hip.
3
Sacral plexus (L5 - S2)
14
Obturator internus muscle
O:inner surface of the os coxae and from the obturator membrane
I: passes through lesser sciatic foramen and inserts into the trochanteric fossa
lateral rotation of the hip joint.
in sitting position, it acts as an abductor
1
Nerve to Obturator internus
(L5-S1)
15
Inferior gemellus muscle
part of triceps coxae with the superior gamellus and oberator internus.
O: ischial tuberosity
I: trochanteric fossa
they assist obterator instenus and Both muscles also help to laterally rotate the extended thigh and abduct the flexed thigh at the hip.
5
Sacral plexus (L5 - S2)
19
Quadratus femoris muscle
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: intertrochanteric crest of the femur
• Rotates thigh laterally
adductor of thigh
Sacral plexus
(L5-S1)
6
Semitendinosus muscle
o: Ischial tuberosity
I: Medial tibial surface, joins the pes anserinus superficialis
• Extends thigh at hip joint
• Flexes knee
• Rotates leg
medially
4
Tibial nerve
(L5-S2)
22
11 Semimembranosus muscle
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Medial condyle of tibia
• Extends thigh at hip
• Flexes leg at knee
• Rotates leg
medially
Tibial nerve
(L5-S2)
17
2 and 5 Biceps femoris muscle
2 LONG HEAD: medial
O: Ischial tuberosity
Long head: Tibial nerve
(L5-S2)
5 SHORT HEAD : lateral
O: Linea aspera
Short head: common Peroneal nerve
(S1-S2)
Both combine to create biceps femoris and insert at the head of the fibula.
- Extends thigh at hip
• Flexes leg at knee
• Rotates leg laterally
5
4 Adductor magnus muscle
2 parts:
O: 9 Muscular (adductor) part: - Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of Ischium.
I: Medial lip of Linea Aspera and supra condylar line,
Obturator nerve
(L2-L4)
O: 11 Tendinous (Hamstring) part: - Ischial inferior ramus
I:Adductor tubercle of femur.
Hamstring part receives from Tibial nerve
(L4-L5)
Adduction of hip (both portions) flexion of hip (adductor portion) extension of hip (hamstring portion)
10
Gluteus Maximus
- Superficial fibers - Iliac crest, PSIS, Thoracolumbar fascia, sacrum and coccyx.
- Deep fibers – Wing of Ilium behind Post. Gluteal line and sacrotuberal ligament.
I: Gluteal tuberosity and Iliotibial tract.
Inferior Gluteal nerve
(L5-S2)
External rotation and extension of the hip joint, supports the extended knee through theiliotibial tract, chief antigravity muscle in sitting and abduction of the hip
8
13 Gluteus Medius
- Wing of ilium between Ant. and Post. Gluteal lines and iliac crest.
- Greater Trochanter (lat. surface)
Superior Gluteal nerve
(L5-S1)
abduction of the hip; preventingadduction of the hip. Medial rotation of thigh.
Gluteus Minimius
- Wing of ilium between Ant. and Inf. Gluteal lines.
- Greater Trochanter (ant. surface)
Superior Gluteal nerve
(L5-S1)
Works in concert with gluteus medius: abduction of the hip; preventing adduction of the hip. Medial rotation of thigh.
26
1 Psoas major muscle
or superficial part of psoas
- Lateral surfaces of T12-L5 vertebrae and IV disks & costal processes of L1-L5.
- Lesser Trochanter of femur.(after Iliacus inserts on tendon of Psoas major)
Flexion in the hip joint
Lumbar Plexus
(L1-L3)
25
it’s pointing to the smaller strip of muscle over the larger muscle.
NOT necessarily present, exists in around 50% of population and very insignificant
Psoas Minor
- Lateral surfaces of T12- L1 and IV disk.
- Iliopubic eminence, Pectineal line
Weak trunk flexor
Lumbar Plexus
(L1-L3)
21
4 Iliacus
- Iliac fossa & crest of sacrum.
- Lesser Trochanter of femur. (after Iliacus inserts on tendon of Psoas major)
flexes and rotates laterally thigh
Lumbar Plexus
(L1-L3)
13
14 Adductor Minimus
- Inferior ramus of pubis
- Medial lip of Linea Aspera
Obturator nerve
(L2-L4)
Adduction and lateral rotation of thigh
3
R leg popliteal fossa
Semimembranosus
I: Ischial tuberosity
O: Pes Anserinus Porfundus, ( as medial Tibial condyle, fascia of popliteus and oblique Popliteal ligament)
Extension of hip and flexion ofknee
Tibial nerve
(L5-S2)
1
R leg popliteal fossa
Semitendinosus muscle
I: Ischial tuberosity
O: Pes Anserinus Superficialis, medial surface of tibia
Flexion of knee, extension of the hip joint
5 and 14
Gastrocnemius, part of the triceps surae
- Medial head- Medial femoral condyle
- Lateral head- Lateral femoral condyle
I: Calcaneal tendon of Achilles on calcaneal tuberosity
Tibial nerve
(S1-S2)
plantar flexes foot, flexes knee
7
7 Calcaneal or Achilles tendon. (tuber calcanei)
15
1 Soleus
- Head and upper 1/3 of fibula & Soleal line of tibia (Tendinous arch)
- Calcaneal tendon of Achilles on calcaneal tuberosity
Tibial nerve
(S1-S2)
plantarflexion
12
3 Plantaris
- Oblique Popliteal ligament, lateral femoral condyle
- Calcaneal tendon of Achilles on calcaneal tuberosity
Tibial nerve
(S1-S2)
Plantar flexes foot and flexesknee
20
6 Popliteus
- Lateral femoral epicondyle
- Posterior Tibial surface
Tibial nerve
(L4-S1)
Medial rotation and flexion of knee
5 and 14
11 lateral and 9 medial head of the gastrocnemius
10
1 Tibialis Posterior (TP)
O: Interossious membrane and adjacent surfaces of tibia and fibula
Insertion:
- Thicker medial insertion: part on tuberosity of Navicular bone
- Weaker lateral insertion: part on 3 cuneiform bones
Tibial nerve
(L4-S1)
Inversion of the foot and plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle
3
15 Flexor Digitorum Longus (FDL)
- Posterior surface of tibia
- Bases of distal phalanges of 2nd – 5th toes
Tibial nerve
(L4-S1)
Primary action is Flex digits
11
9 Flexor Hallucis Longus (FHL)
- Inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula and interossious membrane
- Base of distal phalanx of great toe
Tibial nerve
(L4-S1)
flexes all joints of the big toe,plantar flexion of the ankle joint
6
3 Peroneus Brevis
- Lateral surface of Fibula (Inferior 2/3)
- Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal
Superficial Peroneal nerve
(L5-S1)
Plantarflexion, eversion
5
1 Peroneus Longus
- Head of fibula, superior 2/3 of fibula
- Tuberosity of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform (Crosses foot)
Superficial Peroneal nerve
(L5-S1)
plantarflexion, eversion, supportarches
4, repeat
13 Soleus muscle
16
Medial head of gastrocnemius muscle
O: Medial head- Medial femoral condyle
O: Lateral head- Lateral femoral condyle
-Calcaneal tendon of Achilles on calcaneal tuberosity
Tibial nerve
(S1-S2)
plantar flexes foot, flexes knee
4
1 Tibialis Anterior (TA)
- Lateral surface of tibia & interossious membrane
- Plantar surface of Medial Cuneiform bone & Base of 1st metatarsal
Deep Peroneal nerve (L4-S1)
Dorsiflexion and Inversion of the foot
10
Extensor Digitorum Brevis (EDB)
O: Calcaneus, near calcaneal sulcus
I: Dorsal aponeurosis of 2nd – 4th digits
Deep Peroneal nerve (S1-S2)
12
Extensor Hallucis Longus (EHL)
- Medial surface of fibula & interossious membrane
- Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe
Deep Peroneal nerve (S1-S2)
Extends the big toe and assists in dorsiflexion of the foot at the ankle. Also is a weak evertor/ invertor
8
Peroneus Tertius
**** additional tendon of extensor digitorum longus which is not always present.
- distal third part of fibula & interossious membrane or from EDL
- Dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal
Deep Peroneal nerve (L4-S1)
Pronantor and abductor of the subtalar and talocalcaneonavicular joints
4
4 Femoral artery
7
Patellar ligament
7
12
12 Aponeurosis of external abdominal
oblique muscle
14
males only
Spermatic cord
13
14
14 Femoral vein
17 and 18
17 Adductor hiatus
18 Vasto-adductor membrane
27
27 Iliopectineal arch
33
33 Sciatic nerve
35
35 Great saphenous vein
36
36 Femoral artery
37
37 Femoral vein
41
41 Septum between semitendinosus
and semimembranosus muscles
total review
5 Adductor magnus muscle
6 Semitendinosus muscle
21 Sartorius muscle
29 Rectus femoris muscle
30 Vastus medialis muscle
31 Vastus intermedius muscle
32 Vastus lateralis muscle
33 Sciatic nerve
34 Gluteus maximus muscle (insertion)
35 Great saphenous vein
36 Femoral artery
37 Femoral vein
38 Adductor longus muscle
39 Femur
40 Gracilis muscle
41 Septum between semitendinosus
and semimembranosus muscles
24
24 Tibial nerve
26
26 Common peroneal nerve
18
18 Popliteal fossa
19
19 Tibial nerve and posterior tibial
artery
3
3 Patellar ligament
6, 3 tendons from anterior to posterior
6 Tendons of deep flexor muscles
from anterior to posterior:
- tibialis posterior;
- flexor digitorum longus;
- flexor hallucis longus muscles
7
7 Flexor retinaculum
8
8 Tendon of tibialis anterior muscle
13
13 Tendon of gracilis muscle
14
14 Tendon of semitendinosus muscle
15
15 Common tendon of gracilis,
semitendinosus, and sartorius muscles
(pes anserinus)
18
18 Calcaneal or Achilles tendon
19
19 Calcaneus muscle
17
17 Superior extensor retinaculum
18
18 Inferior extensor retinaculum
19
19 Tendon of extensor hallucis longus
muscle
20
20 Tendons of extensor digitorum
longus muscle
15
15 Crossing of tendons in sole
16
16 Quadratus plantae muscle
O: Medial & Lateral margin of plantar surface of Calcaneus
I: Lateral margins of tendons of FDL
Lateral plantar
nerve (L5-S2)
17
17 Tendons of flexor digitorum
longus muscle
18
18 Tendon of tibialis anterior muscle
19
19 Area of insertion of tibialis
posterior muscle
20
20 Lumbrical muscles
5
Extensor digitorum longus muscle
- Lateral condyle of tibia, head and superior 3/4 of medial surface of fibula and interossious membrane
- Middle and distal phalanges of 2nd – 5th digits (toes)
extension of toes and dorsiflexion of ankle
