Muscles: Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

1

A

1 Iliolumbar ligament

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2
Q

6

A

6 Inguinal ligament

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3
Q

7

A

7 Sacrospinous ligament

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4
Q

8 (bone structure)

A

8 Greater trochanter

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5
Q

9

A

9 Iliofemoral ligament (vertical band)

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6
Q

12

A

Iliolumbar and ventral sacro-iliac
ligaments

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7
Q

15

A

15 Iliofemoral ligament (horizontal band)

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8
Q

16

(it’s the hole)

A

16 Obturator canal

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9
Q

17

A

17 Obturator membrane

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10
Q

18

A

18 Greater sciatic foramen

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11
Q

19

A

19 Sacrospinous ligament

base at sacrum to the apex at ischial spine

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12
Q

20

A

20 Sacrotuberous ligament

from sacrum to ischial tuberosity

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13
Q

21

A

21 Lesser sciatic foramen

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14
Q

23

A

23 Ischiofemoral ligament

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15
Q

27

A

27 Dorsal sacro-iliac ligaments

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16
Q

28

A

28 Coccyx with superficial dorsal
sacrococcygeal ligament

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17
Q
A

ligament of the head of the femur that connects within the acetabular fossa

Intracaspular ligament which is actually
a Synovial fold containing a small artery to the head of femur. Have a
wide end that attaches to the transverse Acetabular ligament and a narrow
end that attaches to the fovea for ligament of the head of femur.

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18
Q

1

A

Zona orbicularis

a ligament on the neck of the femur formed by the circular fibers of the articular capsule of the hip joint

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19
Q

35

A

35 Pubofemoral ligament

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20
Q
A

acetabular labrum

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21
Q

(SKIP UNTIL FIXED)

The lower extremity has ____ total muscles.

They can be divided according to location, function, or innervation.

A
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22
Q

3

A

5 below

Iliopsoas muscle

combination of Psoas major and Iliacus

surrounded by illiac fascia and inserts on lesser trochanter

• Flexes thigh at hip
• Flexes vertebral
column

Lumbar Plexus
(L1-L3)

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23
Q

5

A

21 below

Tensor fasciae latae muscle

Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine, Iliac crest

Insertion: Iliotibial tract

• Flexes thigh at hip
• Abducts thigh
• Rotates thigh
medially

Superior Gluteal nerve
(L5-S1)

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24
Q

6

A

Sartorius muscle

O:Anterior superior, iliac spine

I: Medial tibia

• Flexes thigh at hip
• Rotates thigh
laterally
• Flexes leg at knee

12 below

Femoral nerve
(L2-L4)

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25
Q

7

A

Rectus femoris muscle

part of the quadriceps

O: Anterior inferior iliac spine

I: Patella and tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris and patellar ligament

  • Extends leg at knee
  • Flexes thigh at hip

1 below

Femoral nerve
(L2-L4)

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26
Q

8

A

Iliotibial tract -fibrous reinforcement of the fascia lata

originates at the anterior portion of the external lip of the iliac crest

inserts at the lateral condyle of the tibia/Gerdy’s tubercle

extend, abduct, and laterally rotate the hip. contributes to lateral knee stabilization

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27
Q

9

A

Vastus lateralis muscle

part of quadriceps

O:Greater trochanter of the femur, Intertrochanteric line, Linea aspera of femur

I:Patella and tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris and patellar ligament

  • Extends leg at knee
  • Stabilizes knee

7

Femoral nerve
(L2-L4)

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28
Q

15

A

Pectineus muscle

O: Superior ramus of pubis

I: Linea aspera of femur

• Adducts thigh
• Flexes thigh at hip
• Rotates thigh
medially

19

Obturator nerve
(L2-L4)

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29
Q

16

A

Adductor longus muscle

O: Pubis – near pubic symphysis

I: Linea aspera of femur

• Adducts thigh
• Flexes thigh at hip
• Rotates thigh
medially

17

Obturator nerve
(L2-L4)

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30
Q

17

A

Gracilis muscle

O: Inferior ramus of pubis, Body of the pubis

I: Medial surface of tibia

  • Adducts thigh
  • Flexes leg at knee
  • Rotates leg medially

16

Obturator nerve
(L2-L4)

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31
Q

18

A

Vastus medialis muscle

part of quadriceps

O: Linea aspera of femur, Intertrochanteric line

I:Patella and tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris and patellar ligament

  • Extends leg at knee
  • Stabilizes patella

5

Femoral nerve
(L2-L4)

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32
Q

20

A

Adductor brevis muscle

O: Inferior ramus of pubis

I: Linea aspera of femur

  • Adducts thigh
  • Rotates thigh medially

18

Obturator nerve
(L2-L4)

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33
Q

2

A

Vastus intermedius muscle

part of the quadriceps

I: Shaft of the femur

O: Patella and tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris and patellar ligament

• Extends leg at knee

3

Femoral nerve
(L2-L4)

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34
Q

29, 30, and 31 are the ?

A

Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Saphenous nerve

adductor canal

these blood vessels and this nerve run medially between the vastus medialis, sartorius, and adductor longus

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35
Q

There are __ adductors

A

7 adductors

gracilis, pectineus, adductor magnus, adductor brevis, adductor minimus, adductor longus, quadratus femoris

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36
Q

5

A

Obturator externus muscle

O:External surface of Obturator membrane and surrounding bone

I: Trochanteric fossa of femur

lateral rotator of the hip joint

9

Obturator nerve
(L2-L4)

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37
Q

3

posterior view

A

Piriformis muscle

O: Lateral surface of sacrum

I: Greater trochanter of femur

• Rotates thigh
laterally when hip is
extended

10

Sacral plexus
(L5-S2)

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38
Q

13

A

Superior gemellus muscle

part of triceps coxae with the inferior gamellus and oberator internus.

O: ischial spine

I: trochanteric fossa

they assist obterator instenus and Both muscles also help to laterally rotate the extended thigh and abduct the flexed thigh at the hip.

3

Sacral plexus (L5 - S2)

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39
Q

14

A

Obturator internus muscle

O:inner surface of the os coxae and from the obturator membrane

I: passes through lesser sciatic foramen and inserts into the trochanteric fossa

lateral rotation of the hip joint.

in sitting position, it acts as an abductor

1

Nerve to Obturator internus
(L5-S1)

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40
Q

15

A

Inferior gemellus muscle

part of triceps coxae with the superior gamellus and oberator internus.

O: ischial tuberosity

I: trochanteric fossa

they assist obterator instenus and Both muscles also help to laterally rotate the extended thigh and abduct the flexed thigh at the hip.

5

Sacral plexus (L5 - S2)

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41
Q

19

A

Quadratus femoris muscle

O: Ischial tuberosity

I: intertrochanteric crest of the femur

• Rotates thigh laterally

adductor of thigh

Sacral plexus
(L5-S1)

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42
Q

6

A

Semitendinosus muscle

o: Ischial tuberosity

I: Medial tibial surface, joins the pes anserinus superficialis

• Extends thigh at hip joint
• Flexes knee
• Rotates leg
medially

4

Tibial nerve
(L5-S2)

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43
Q

22

A

11 Semimembranosus muscle

O: Ischial tuberosity

I: Medial condyle of tibia

• Extends thigh at hip
• Flexes leg at knee
• Rotates leg
medially

Tibial nerve
(L5-S2)

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44
Q

17

A

2 and 5 Biceps femoris muscle

2 LONG HEAD: medial

O: Ischial tuberosity

Long head: Tibial nerve
(L5-S2)

5 SHORT HEAD : lateral

O: Linea aspera

Short head: common Peroneal nerve
(S1-S2)

Both combine to create biceps femoris and insert at the head of the fibula.

  • Extends thigh at hip
    • Flexes leg at knee
    • Rotates leg laterally
45
Q

5

A

4 Adductor magnus muscle

2 parts:

O: 9 Muscular (adductor) part: - Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of Ischium.

I: Medial lip of Linea Aspera and supra condylar line,

Obturator nerve
(L2-L4)

O: 11 Tendinous (Hamstring) part: - Ischial inferior ramus

I:Adductor tubercle of femur.

Hamstring part receives from Tibial nerve
(L4-L5)

Adduction of hip (both portions) flexion of hip (adductor portion) extension of hip (hamstring portion)

46
Q

10

A

Gluteus Maximus

  • Superficial fibers - Iliac crest, PSIS, Thoracolumbar fascia, sacrum and coccyx.
  • Deep fibers – Wing of Ilium behind Post. Gluteal line and sacrotuberal ligament.

I: Gluteal tuberosity and Iliotibial tract.

Inferior Gluteal nerve
(L5-S2)

External rotation and extension of the hip joint, supports the extended knee through theiliotibial tract, chief antigravity muscle in sitting and abduction of the hip

47
Q

8

A

13 Gluteus Medius

  • Wing of ilium between Ant. and Post. Gluteal lines and iliac crest.
  • Greater Trochanter (lat. surface)

Superior Gluteal nerve
(L5-S1)

abduction of the hip; preventingadduction of the hip. Medial rotation of thigh.

48
Q
A

Gluteus Minimius

  • Wing of ilium between Ant. and Inf. Gluteal lines.
  • Greater Trochanter (ant. surface)

Superior Gluteal nerve
(L5-S1)

Works in concert with gluteus medius: abduction of the hip; preventing adduction of the hip. Medial rotation of thigh.

49
Q

26

A

1 Psoas major muscle

or superficial part of psoas

  • Lateral surfaces of T12-L5 vertebrae and IV disks & costal processes of L1-L5.
  • Lesser Trochanter of femur.(after Iliacus inserts on tendon of Psoas major)

Flexion in the hip joint

Lumbar Plexus
(L1-L3)

50
Q

25

it’s pointing to the smaller strip of muscle over the larger muscle.

NOT necessarily present, exists in around 50% of population and very insignificant

A

Psoas Minor

  • Lateral surfaces of T12- L1 and IV disk.
  • Iliopubic eminence, Pectineal line

Weak trunk flexor

Lumbar Plexus
(L1-L3)

51
Q

21

A

4 Iliacus

  • Iliac fossa & crest of sacrum.
  • Lesser Trochanter of femur. (after Iliacus inserts on tendon of Psoas major)

flexes and rotates laterally thigh

Lumbar Plexus
(L1-L3)

52
Q

13

A

14 Adductor Minimus

  • Inferior ramus of pubis
  • Medial lip of Linea Aspera

Obturator nerve
(L2-L4)

Adduction and lateral rotation of thigh

53
Q

3

R leg popliteal fossa

A

Semimembranosus

I: Ischial tuberosity
O: Pes Anserinus Porfundus, ( as medial Tibial condyle, fascia of popliteus and oblique Popliteal ligament)

Extension of hip and flexion ofknee

Tibial nerve
(L5-S2)

54
Q

1

R leg popliteal fossa

A

Semitendinosus muscle

I: Ischial tuberosity
O: Pes Anserinus Superficialis, medial surface of tibia

Flexion of knee, extension of the hip joint

55
Q

5 and 14

A

Gastrocnemius, part of the triceps surae

  • Medial head- Medial femoral condyle
  • Lateral head- Lateral femoral condyle

I: Calcaneal tendon of Achilles on calcaneal tuberosity

Tibial nerve
(S1-S2)

plantar flexes foot, flexes knee

56
Q

7

A

7 Calcaneal or Achilles tendon. (tuber calcanei)

57
Q

15

A

1 Soleus

  • Head and upper 1/3 of fibula & Soleal line of tibia (Tendinous arch)
  • Calcaneal tendon of Achilles on calcaneal tuberosity

Tibial nerve
(S1-S2)

plantarflexion

58
Q

12

A

3 Plantaris

  • Oblique Popliteal ligament, lateral femoral condyle
  • Calcaneal tendon of Achilles on calcaneal tuberosity

Tibial nerve
(S1-S2)

Plantar flexes foot and flexesknee

59
Q

20

A

6 Popliteus

  • Lateral femoral epicondyle
  • Posterior Tibial surface

Tibial nerve
(L4-S1)

Medial rotation and flexion of knee

60
Q

5 and 14

A

11 lateral and 9 medial head of the gastrocnemius

61
Q

10

A

1 Tibialis Posterior (TP)

O: Interossious membrane and adjacent surfaces of tibia and fibula

Insertion:

  • Thicker medial insertion: part on tuberosity of Navicular bone
  • Weaker lateral insertion: part on 3 cuneiform bones

Tibial nerve
(L4-S1)

Inversion of the foot and plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle

62
Q

3

A

15 Flexor Digitorum Longus (FDL)

  • Posterior surface of tibia
  • Bases of distal phalanges of 2nd – 5th toes

Tibial nerve
(L4-S1)

Primary action is Flex digits

63
Q

11

A

9 Flexor Hallucis Longus (FHL)

  • Inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula and interossious membrane
  • Base of distal phalanx of great toe

Tibial nerve
(L4-S1)

flexes all joints of the big toe,plantar flexion of the ankle joint

64
Q

6

A

3 Peroneus Brevis

  • Lateral surface of Fibula (Inferior 2/3)
  • Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal

Superficial Peroneal nerve
(L5-S1)

Plantarflexion, eversion

65
Q

5

A

1 Peroneus Longus

  • Head of fibula, superior 2/3 of fibula
  • Tuberosity of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform (Crosses foot)

Superficial Peroneal nerve
(L5-S1)

plantarflexion, eversion, supportarches

66
Q

4, repeat

A

13 Soleus muscle

67
Q

16

A

Medial head of gastrocnemius muscle

O: Medial head- Medial femoral condyle

O: Lateral head- Lateral femoral condyle

-Calcaneal tendon of Achilles on calcaneal tuberosity

Tibial nerve
(S1-S2)

plantar flexes foot, flexes knee

68
Q

4

A

1 Tibialis Anterior (TA)

  • Lateral surface of tibia & interossious membrane
  • Plantar surface of Medial Cuneiform bone & Base of 1st metatarsal

Deep Peroneal nerve (L4-S1)

Dorsiflexion and Inversion of the foot

69
Q

10

A

Extensor Digitorum Brevis (EDB)

O: Calcaneus, near calcaneal sulcus

I: Dorsal aponeurosis of 2nd – 4th digits

Deep Peroneal nerve (S1-S2)

70
Q

12

A

Extensor Hallucis Longus (EHL)

  • Medial surface of fibula & interossious membrane
  • Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe

Deep Peroneal nerve (S1-S2)

Extends the big toe and assists in dorsiflexion of the foot at the ankle. Also is a weak evertor/ invertor

71
Q

8

A

Peroneus Tertius

**** additional tendon of extensor digitorum longus which is not always present.

  • distal third part of fibula & interossious membrane or from EDL
  • Dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal

Deep Peroneal nerve (L4-S1)

Pronantor and abductor of the subtalar and talocalcaneonavicular joints

72
Q

4

A

4 Femoral artery

73
Q

7

A

Patellar ligament

7

74
Q

12

A

12 Aponeurosis of external abdominal

oblique muscle

75
Q

14

males only

A

Spermatic cord

13

76
Q

14

A

14 Femoral vein

77
Q

17 and 18

A

17 Adductor hiatus

18 Vasto-adductor membrane

78
Q

27

A

27 Iliopectineal arch

79
Q

33

A

33 Sciatic nerve

80
Q

35

A

35 Great saphenous vein

81
Q

36

A

36 Femoral artery

82
Q

37

A

37 Femoral vein

83
Q

41

A

41 Septum between semitendinosus

and semimembranosus muscles

84
Q

total review

A

5 Adductor magnus muscle
6 Semitendinosus muscle

21 Sartorius muscle

29 Rectus femoris muscle

30 Vastus medialis muscle

31 Vastus intermedius muscle
32 Vastus lateralis muscle
33 Sciatic nerve
34 Gluteus maximus muscle (insertion)
35 Great saphenous vein
36 Femoral artery
37 Femoral vein
38 Adductor longus muscle
39 Femur
40 Gracilis muscle
41 Septum between semitendinosus
and semimembranosus muscles

85
Q

24

A

24 Tibial nerve

86
Q

26

A

26 Common peroneal nerve

87
Q

18

A

18 Popliteal fossa

88
Q

19

A

19 Tibial nerve and posterior tibial
artery

89
Q

3

A

3 Patellar ligament

90
Q

6, 3 tendons from anterior to posterior

A

6 Tendons of deep flexor muscles

from anterior to posterior:

  1. tibialis posterior;
  2. flexor digitorum longus;
  3. flexor hallucis longus muscles
91
Q

7

A

7 Flexor retinaculum

92
Q

8

A

8 Tendon of tibialis anterior muscle

93
Q

13

A

13 Tendon of gracilis muscle

94
Q

14

A

14 Tendon of semitendinosus muscle

95
Q

15

A

15 Common tendon of gracilis,

semitendinosus, and sartorius muscles

(pes anserinus)

96
Q

18

A

18 Calcaneal or Achilles tendon

97
Q

19

A

19 Calcaneus muscle

98
Q

17

A

17 Superior extensor retinaculum

99
Q

18

A

18 Inferior extensor retinaculum

100
Q

19

A

19 Tendon of extensor hallucis longus
muscle

101
Q

20

A

20 Tendons of extensor digitorum
longus muscle

102
Q

15

A

15 Crossing of tendons in sole

103
Q

16

A

16 Quadratus plantae muscle

O: Medial & Lateral margin of plantar surface of Calcaneus

I: Lateral margins of tendons of FDL

Lateral plantar
nerve (L5-S2)

104
Q

17

A

17 Tendons of flexor digitorum
longus muscle

105
Q

18

A

18 Tendon of tibialis anterior muscle

106
Q

19

A

19 Area of insertion of tibialis
posterior muscle

107
Q

20

A

20 Lumbrical muscles

108
Q

5

A

Extensor digitorum longus muscle

  • Lateral condyle of tibia, head and superior 3/4 of medial surface of fibula and interossious membrane
  • Middle and distal phalanges of 2nd – 5th digits (toes)

extension of toes and dorsiflexion of ankle

109
Q
A