Bones: Viscerocranium Flashcards
What are the 4 different major skull cavities?
- Middle and Inner Ear (lateral aspect of cranial base)
- Nasal Cavity (in and posterior to nose)
- Orbits (house eyeballs)
- Air-filled Sinuses (in some bones around nasal cavity)
Semilunar hiatus
the gap between the ethmoidal bulla and the
uncinate process
Ethmoid Bone
- between eyes, part of nasal septum
Know:
- Crista Galli
- Cribiform Plate
- Olfactory Foramina
- Perpendicular Plate
- Orbital Plate
- Superior Nasal Concha
- Middle Nasal Concha
- Ethmoid Sinuses
small lateral expansion of the ethmoid bone from the anterior aspect of the crista galli on each side that articulates with the frontal bone and forms the foramen cecum?
Ala (wing) of Crista Galli
1
Cribriform plate
It fits into the ethmoidal notch of the frontal bone and supports the olfactory lobes of the cerebrum, being
pierced with numerous openings for the passage of the olfactory nerves; it contributes to the roof of the
nasal cavity:
Part B
Crista Galli
- attachment for membranes of brain
green part pointed at by the arrow and the pink ones below
Middle Nasal Concha of Ethmoid and Inferior Nasal Concha
note superior cocha in pic below, superior nasal concha not visible from anterior view in completely skull.
middle and superior nasal concha are part of ETHMOID bone/cranial skull
inferior nasal conchae are pair of bones extending from maxilla and palatine, and they are considered FACIAL bones
9
Choana
Means funnel in greek
3
Ethmoidal bulla
a bulging of the inner wall of the ethmoidal
labyrinth in the middle meatus of the nose
6
inferior nasal meatus
5
inferior nasal concha
7
middle nasal meatus
3
middle nasal concha
8
opening to the pharagealtympanic/auditory tube, or “eustachian tube”
this tube connects the nasopharynx to the middle ear, and this is how you can equalize pressure during scuba diving or flying by holding your nose and inflating the nasal cavity, or swallowing or yawning. small amounts of air are allowed to pass through the tube to equalize with the pressure in the atmosphere.
11, and it goes where?
sphenoethmoidal recess
Goes from above the superior nasal meatus to the sphenoid sinus
10
Sphenoidal sinus
1
superior concha
2
superior nasal meatus
Holes in part C
Olfactory Foramina
- AKA cribriform foramina, tiny holes to transmit the olfactory nerves
4
Uncinate process
a sickle-shaped process of bone on the medial
wall of the ethmoidal labyrinth below the middle nasal concha; it joins with the ethmoidal
process of the inferior nasal concha and partly closes the orifice of the maxillary sinus
Not just the bone, but the specific part
Orbital Plate
- lateral surface of ethmoid, medial wall of orbit
Part D
Perpendicular Plate
- superior portion of nasal septum
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid has three borders: Anterior, posterior, and inferior.
each side interacts with what bones?
a. The anterior border articulates with the spine of the frontal bone and the crest of the nasal bones.
b. The posterior border articulates by its upper half with the sphenoidal crest, and the **lower half interacts with the
vomer. **
c. The inferior border is thicker than the posterior, and serves for the attachment of the septal
cartilage of the nose.
2
ethmoidal air cells
3
Ethmoidal bulla
- an outward bulging of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity in the middle nasal meatus
- caused by the bulging of the largest ethmoidal air cell
3, 4, 5
superior, middle, and inferior nasal concha
6 is what? location?
opening of the nasolacrimal duct to the lacrimal gland
located under the inferior nasal concha
7 is what? location?
opening of the maxillary sinus, under the middle nasal concha
6
maxillary sinus
whole bone
The hyoid bone which can be included in the bony skeleton of the skull, is not directly connected to any bone in the body, it is a U-shaped bone lying between the mandible and the larynx, suspended from the styloid process by
ligaments & muscles.
3
body of the hyoid
1
greater horns of the hyoid
inferior nasal concha (2, paired)
- lateral wall of nasal cavity, create turbulence in inhaled air
2
lesser horns of the hyoid
whole bone
lacrimal bone
1 and 3
1 is anterior lacrimal crest (part of maxilla)
3 is posterior lacrimal crest (part of lacrimal bone)
2
lacrimal fossa
nasolacrimal canal/duct
informally called the tear duct
entire bone
Mandible
3
Alveolar Part of Mandible
- superior portion of mandibular body containing alveoli for teeth
4
Alveolar Yokes of Mandible
- slight outward bulgings of alveoli around the anterior rim of each alveolar socket
13
articular surface of condylar process
Body of Mandible
- horizontal part
Condylar Process of Mandible
- articulates w mandibular fossa of temporal bone
Coronoid Process of Mandible
- anterior projection of ramus, insertion for temporalis (mouth closing) muscle
25
Digastric Fossae
- two fossae below and to either side of the mental spine that serve as insertions for the digastric muscles
23
Interalveolar Septa
- bony partitions separating tooth sockets
8
Mandibular Angle
- body merges with ramus here
17
Lingula of Mandible
- delicate spur of bone partially covering opening of mandibular foramen
Mandibular Notch
- btwn condylar and coronoid processes
16
Mandibular Foramen
- entrance to mandibular canal
15
Masseteric Tuberosity
- roughened area for insertion of masseter muscle
Mental Foramen of mandible
- hole in anterior mandible, nerves + blood to lower lips
5
Mental Protuberance of Mandible
- in midline of body of mandible, forwardmost point
- AKA the chin
24
Mental Spine
- small projection of bone on midline of posterior aspect of mandible
- muscle connection
divided into two parts, the inferior genioglossus and superior geniohyoid
18
Mylohyoid Groove of Mandible
- runs obliquely downward from mandibular foramen
20
Mylohyoid Line
- oblique ridge dividing medial surface of body of mandible
- mylohyoid muscle originates here
12
Neck of Condylar Process
7
Oblique Line of the Mandible
- ascends from body to ramus
14
Pterygoid Fovea of Mandible
- for insertion of part of lat. pterygoid muscle
19
Pterygoid Tuberosity of Mandible
- serves as attachment for medial pterygoid muscle
- on medial surface of mandible below mandibular notch at the angle between body and ramus
ramus of mandible
- vertical/oblique, posterior part
21
Submandibular Fossa
- fossa below mylohyoid line on medial surface of mandible’s body
22
Sublingual Fossa
- fossa above mylohyoid line and toward anterior of medial surface of mandibular body
mandibular foramen
- medial surface of ramus, blood + nerves for lower teeth pass through here
entire bone
Maxilla (2, paired)
- upper jaw bone
21
alveolar process & teeth
_
alveolar process is the projecting ridge on the inferior surface of the body of the maxilla containing the tooth sockets. the processes of the two sides fuses into the maxillary alveolar arch
sockets where teeth fit into maxilla/mandible
alveoli
30
anterior nasal spine of maxilla
20
(more general region of the bone than any specific point)
body of maxilla
_
inferior to the orbit
somewhat pyramidal in shape (with four triangle-shaped sides), and contains a large cavity, the maxillary sinus or antrum of Highmore
15
canine fossa
_
it’s above the canines/”fangs”
larger and deeper than the incisive fossa
What is the colored area?
frontal or nasal process of maxilla
_
The upward extension from the body of the maxilla, which articulates with the frontal bone and forms the most anterior portion of the medial wall of the orbit
22
incisive canal
_
A “Y” shaped passage which connects the two halves of the nasal cavity with the bony palate and leads to the oral cavity
32
incisive fossa
_
the depression in the midline of the bony palate behind the central incisors into which the incisive canals open
11
incisive suture
29
Where does it come from? Where does it go?
infra-orbital canal of maxilla
_
Infraorbital groove → Infraorbital canal → Infraorbital foramen = Alveolar canals
17
site of entry for the probe
infraorbital foramen of the maxilla
_
(starting interiorly) Infraorbital groove → Infraorbital canal → Infraorbital foramen = Alveolar canals
Forming the exterior end of the infraorbital canal, the infraorbital foramen communicates with the infraorbital groove, the canal’s opening on the interior side.
- allows passage for the infraorbital artery, vein, and nerve
What is the indicated feature?
What bone is it on? Where come from and where does it lead?
infraorbital groove of maxilla
_
Inferior orbital fissure → Infraorbital groove → Infraorbital canal → Infraorbital foramen = Alveolar canals
(in lateral view of detached maxilla below, indicated by #23)
46
infra-orbital margin of the maxilla
the part of maxilla that makes up rim of the orbit
23
Juga alveolaria
AKA Alveolar Yokes
- elevations formed by roots of teeth
45
lacrimal groove of maxilla
_
the groove together with the lacrimal bone, forms the fossa for the lacrimal sac
2
lacrimal groove
- deep groove on nasal surface of maxillar body
- accommodates nasolacrimal duct which carries tears from the lacrimal sac to nasal cavity
24
maxillary hiatus
- leads to maxillary sinus
15
nasolacrimal canal of maxilla
_
connects the orbital cavity with the inferior nasal meatus
21
orbital surface of maxilla (also called superior surface)
_
A smooth and triangular surface that forms the largest (anterior) part of the floor of the orbit. Medially, it connects with the lacrimal bone, the lamina papyracea of the ethmoid and posteriorly the orbital process of the palatine
26
palatine process of maxilla
_
The medially directed shelves from the maxillae that, with the horizontal plate of the palatine bone and the premaxilla, form the bony palate
19
maxillary tuberosity with alveolar foramina
_
alveolar foramina are openings of the posterior dental canals
_
tuberosity is especially prominent after the growth of the wisdom tooth; it is rough on its lateral side for articulation with the pyramidal process of the palatine bone and in some cases articulates with the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid.
1
pterygomaxillary fissure
_
the narrow gap between the lateral pterygoid plate and the infratemporal surface of the maxilla through which the infratemporal fossa communicates with the pterygopalatine fossa
18
zygomatic process of maxilla
_
The rough projection from the maxilla that connects with the zygomatic bone
4
incisive foramen
entire bone
Nasal Bone (2, paired)
red area and interconnecting suture
the nasal bones connected by the internasal suture
5
just posterior to bony palate
Choana or Posterior Nasal Aperature
- opening between nasal cavity and nasopharynx split into two choanae by vomer
- bounded anteroinferiorly by palatine bone, superoposteriorly by sphenoid and laterally by medial pterygoid plate
1
anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina
arrows
7
infraorbital groove
5
lacrimal bone
3
frontal maxillary suture
6
orbital process of patatine bone
2
lamina papyracea, or paper thin plate of the ethmoid
8 and 9
review*
8 is the inferior orbital fissure
9 is the orbital face of the zygomatic bone
10 and smaller green branch in the back of the orbital?
10 is part of the greater wing of the sphenoid, the other green is the lesser wing of the sphenoid and the orbital canal (hole)
inferior orbital fissure
horizontal crevice where as the pterygomaxillary fissure is verticle
What is the indicated feature and what bones border it?
inferior orbital fissure
- junction of maxilla, sphenoid, zygomatic
- serves as a nerve passage
Palatine Bone
- posterior part of hard palate
know: horizontal process/plate
choanae
known as posterior nares or posterior opening of the nasal cavity
3
Conchal crest of palatine bone
bony ridge that articulates with, or provides
attachment for, the inferior nasal concha
9
Greater palatine foramen and canal
5 and 7
Median and transverse palatine sutures
3
Posterior nasal spine
2
Pyramidal process
the portion of the palatine bone passing lateral
and posterior from the angle formed by the vertical and horizontal plates
portion of palatine bone that makes up posterior hard palate
horizontal process of palatine bone
1
lesser palatine foramen and canal
What is this central feature called at the anterior end of bony palate? And at the posterior end?
Anteriorly - intermaxillary suture
Posteriorly - medial palatine suture
1
orbital process
5
nasal crest
2 and 4
2 is the perpendicular plate making up the lateral side walls of the nasal cavity
4 is the horizontal plate making the back of the hard palate
Palatine Process of Maxilla
- anterior part of hard palate
Paranasal Sinues
Four Sets:
- Frontal (inferior medial forehead)
- Maxillary (just medial to nose)
- Ethmoid air cells (between eyes and deeper)
- Sphenoid (just deep to ethmoid sinuses)
large pyramidal sinus just lateral to nose, largest of paranasal sinuses
(no good pics…?)
maxillary sinus
also called Highmore Sinus/ antrum of Highmore
Vomer
- lower part of nasal septum, connected to the perpendicular plate
Zygomatic Arch
- formed by temporal process of zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of temporal bone
Zygomatic Bone
- cheekbone, also part of orbits
know: temporal process, zygomatic arch
3
zygomaticofacial foramen
1
zygomatico-orbital foramen
turns into a Y shaped canal that lead to the zygomatico-temporal foramen (blue line) AND the zygomatico-facial foramen (green)
zygomaticotemporal foramen
green area is? (surface)
Malar or lateral surface
blue area (surface)
Orbital surface
contributes to the anterolateral wall of the orbit, and articulates posteriorly with the greater
wing of sphenoid
temporal process of zygomatic bone
- articulates w/ temporal bone
red area as well as the medial surface is called?
Temporal surface
directed posteriorly & medially. The upper part forms the anterior boundary of the
temporal fossa, while the lower part forms the anterior boundary of the infratemporal fossa.
What is #30? What two areas does it connect?
Sphenopalatine Foramen
- connects pterygopalatine fossa to superior nasal meatus of nasal cavity
4
the entire complex of cavities and their walls
Ethmoidal Labyrinth
2
each of the cavities
Ethmoidal Air Cell
What are the 4 processes of the maxilla?
- frontal
- zygomatic
- alveolar
- palatine
What are the four facets of the maxilla?
- infratemporal (lateral, contains maxillary tuberosity)
- **anterior **(on front of face, contains canine fossa)
- **orbital **(on inferomedial wall of orbit)
- **nasal **(lateral wall of nasal cavity)
What do the question marks indicate?
With part of the sphenoid what does it form?
And what does this formed structure connect?
Sphenopalatine Notch
forms the Sphenopalatine Foramen
which connects the Pterygopalatine Fossa to the Nasal Cavity
What is the latin name for the wide anterior opening of the orbit?
