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Y Anatomy I > Joints: Hands & Feet > Flashcards

Joints: Hands & Feet Flashcards

1
Q

The hand has 4 sets of ligament groups.

purple

red

blue

yellow

A

purple: antebrachium (forearm bones) to carples
red: carple-carple
blue: Carple - metacarple
yellow: Metacarple - metacarple

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2
Q

8

A

ulnar collateral ligament

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3
Q

9

A

radial collateral ligament

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4
Q

11

A

dorsal radiocarple ligaments

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5
Q

10

A

palmer radio carple joint

red

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6
Q

12

A

palmer ulnocarple ligament

blue outlined orange ligament

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7
Q

8 and 9

A

radial and ulnar collateral ligaments

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8
Q

13

A

radiate carple ligament

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9
Q

14

A

pisohamate ligament

blue

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10
Q

15

A

palmar intercapals

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11
Q

17

A

pisometacarpal ligament

red

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12
Q

22

A

palmar metacarpal ligaments

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13
Q

16

A

dorsal intercarpal ligaments

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14
Q

19

A

dorsal carpometacarpal ligaments

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15
Q

20

A

dorsal metacarpal ligaments

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16
Q

1

A

phalageal collateral ligaments

Collateral ligaments (Medial & Lateral), has 2 parts:
- Dense Cord-like: passes from heads of metacarpal to base of Phalanges, prevents spreading of fingers during flexion.
  • Thin Fan-like: passes anteriorly to attach to palmar plates.
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17
Q

The wrist is what kind of joint, how many axes of movement, and which bones participate in the joint?

A

Ellipsoid or Condyloid type of Joint. 2 axes of movements.
- Articulation between the carpal articular facet of the Radius + the articular disk and the
proximal row of the carpal bones except the Pisiform bone.
* The triquetrum bone participates and contacts the articular disk only in ulnar abduction
and loses contact in radial abduction!
** Ulna doesn’t participate in the joint!!!

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18
Q

What are the movements of the wrist joint?

A

Movements: 2 axis joint:

  • Palmarflexion / Dorsiflexion (Transverse Axis through Lunate and Capitate)
  • Adduction (Ulnar Abduction) / Abduction (Radial Abduction) the axis is (Dorsopalmar through the head of Capitate)
  • Combined motions produce rotation.
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19
Q

Adduction or ulnar deviation of the wrist is caused by which muscles and to what degree?

A

Adduction

(35-40º)

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

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20
Q

Abduction or radial deviation of the wrist is caused by which muscles and to what degree?

A

Abduction

(25-30º)

Extensor Carpi Radialis longus

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Abductor Pollicis longus

Flexor Carpi Radialis

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21
Q

palmarflexion of the wrist is caused by which muscles and to what degree?

A

Palmarflexion

(60-90º)

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Abductor Pollicis longus

Flexor of the digits
Deep and superficial

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22
Q

dorsiflexion of the wrist is caused by which muscles and to what degree?

A

dorsiflexion

(40-90º)

Extensor Carpi Radialis longus

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Extensors of the digits (minimally)

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23
Q

the carpal tunnel is what and contains what tendons, nerve?

A

an area made by the hook of the hamate, tubercle of the trapizium, as well as the capitate, and trapazoid bones.

The flexor retinaculum and palmaris longus complete the tunnel as the roof.

It contains the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus, the median nerve, and the fleor pollicis longus.

The flexor carpi radialis is off to the side byt the tubercle of the trapizium

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24
Q

the guyon canal is what? contains what and is composed of what?

A

is a semi-rigid longitudinal canal in the wrist that allows passage of the ulnar artery and ulnar nerve into the hand.

The roof of the canal is made up of the superficial palmar carpal ligament, while the deeper flexor retinaculum and hypothenar muscles comprise the floor.

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25
Q

Intercarple joints are what kind of joint and what sort of movement?

A
  • Plane type of joints, connecting the carpal bones with each other.
  • Gliding movements between the carpal bones, which occur together with the movements of the Radiocarpal (wrist) joint and augment them and increase the overall range of mobility and flexibility
  • Palmarflexion / Dorsiflexion at the Midcarpal joint, aiding the wrist joint and initiating it moves. Some investigators say that the Dorsiflexion and radial abduction occur in this joint only. Proximal row is more flexible than the distal one.
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26
Q

Carpometacarpal (CMC) and Intermetacarpal (IM) Joints are what type of joint?

A

Plane type of joints

except for the 1st CMC joint of the thumb, which is Saddle joint.

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27
Q

describe the joint composition of the CMC and IM joints, including the thumb

A

The medial 4 CMC joints and the IM joints have a common joint cavity and capsule.

  • The 1st CMC joint of the thumb has a separate loose joint capsule (Fibrous and Synovial layers) that facilitates the free movements of the joint.
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28
Q

thumb joint movments?

A

The 1st CMC joint of the thumb is a 2 axes joint allowing:
- Abduction / Adduction of the thumb. (Dorso-palmar axis)

  • Flexion / extension of the thumb (vertical axis in the anatomical position)
  • Combined movements of the above producing Circumduction.
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29
Q

Adduction of the thumb is caused by which muscles?

A

Adductor Pollicis
Extensor Pollicis longus
1st Dorsal interossious

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30
Q

Abduction of the thumb is caused by which muscles?

A

Abduction of thumb
35-40º

Abductor Pollicis longus

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

Opponens Pollicis

Flexor Pollicis Brevis -Superficial Head

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31
Q

extension of the thumb is caused by which muscles?

A

Abductor Pollicis longus

Extensor Pollicis longus

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

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32
Q

flexion of the thumb is caused by which muscles?

A

Opponents Pollicis

Adductor Pollicis

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

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33
Q

Metacarpophalangeal joints are what type of joint, how many axis?

A

Metacarpophalangeal (MP) joints:
- Spheroidal (Ball & Socket) shaped joints but restricted into 2 axes (ellipsoid functionally).

  • Joint capsule attaches to the margins of articulation (Fibrous and Synovial layers).
34
Q

mp joint movements are ?

A
  • Flexion / Extension (Transverse axis)
  • Abduction / Adduction (in relation to the middle finger, away from it is abduction, towards it is adduction).
  • Combined movements of the above to produce Circumduction
  • * 1st MP joint of thumb has only Flexion / Extension.
35
Q

The interpharangeal joint is what kind of joint, what kind of movement?

A

Hinge type of joints.

1 axis (Transverse) joint:
Flexion / Extension
36
Q

1

A

anterior talofibular ligament

37
Q

2

A

posterior talofibular ligament

38
Q

3

A

calcaneofibular ligaments

39
Q

1

A

posterior tibiotalar ligament

40
Q

3

A

anterior tibiotalar ligament

41
Q

2

A

tibiocalcaneal ligament

42
Q

4

A

tibionavicular ligament

43
Q

1

A

joint capsule

44
Q

2, importance?

A

plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (also known as the spring ligament

This ligament not only serves to connect the calcaneus and navicular, but supports the head of the talus, forming part of the articular cavity in which it is received.

45
Q

3

A

medial ligament of the ankle

46
Q

5

A

calcaneo fibular ligaments

47
Q

6

A

cervical ligament

48
Q

7

A

bifurcate ligament

49
Q

4

A

line of transmission of the weight of the body

50
Q

5 and 6

A

Calcaneal line of transmission

Midfoot and forefoot transmission

51
Q

Under 11, bottom line

A

the plantar aponeurosis

52
Q

8, 9

A

long plantar ligament

53
Q

10

A

plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

54
Q

11

A

intrinsic muscles of the foot

55
Q

Upper Ankle (Talocrural) (Ankle) Joint is what type of joint and what articuluates with what?

A
  • Hinge type Synovial joint. 1 axis of movement.
  • Between the Malleolar Mortise (Formed by the Malleolar articular facet of tibia on medial malleolus, Inferior articular surface of tibia & Malleolar articular facet of Fibula
    on lateral malleolus) and the Trochlea of Talus with the Medial & Lateral Malleolar facets.
56
Q

upper ankle joint articulation between the tibia, fibula, and trochlea? # places

A

So the tibia articulates with the talus in 2 places:

A. Inferior articular surface of tibia forms the roof of the Malleolar mortise, articulating with the trochlea of talus, transferring the whole body weight to the talus

B. The medial Malleolar facet of medial malleolus articulates with the medial Malleolar facet of talus

The fibula articulates with the talus in 1 place:
The Malleolar articular facet of lateral malleolus of fibula articulates with the lateral Malleolar facet of trochlea

57
Q

What are the movements of the upper ankle joint and what muscles aid in this?

A

Dorsiflexion
(25-45°)
Tibialis anterior

Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hallucis longus

Plantarflexion
(30-60°)
Triceps Surae

Flexor Hallucis longus
Tibialis Posterior

Flexor Digitorum longus

58
Q

Joint capsule is thin but reinforced by strong collateral ligaments, the upper ankle joint is stabilized by 7 ligaments

A

Lateral Collateral Ligament of Ankle:

  1. Anterior Talofibular ligament
  2. Posterior Talofibular ligament
  3. Calcaneofibular ligament

Medial Collateral ligaments of Ankle (Deltoid Ligament): reinforces the joint capsule medially, prevents subluxation (partial dislocation)
of the joint during Foot Eversion (Pronation).
1. Tibionavicular part
2. Tibiocalcaneal part
3. Anterior Tibiotalar
4. Posterior Tibiotalar

59
Q

Compound joint, formed by 2 joints

A

Subtalar Joint and Talocalcaneonavicular Joint

60
Q

The subtalar (talocalcaneal joint) is where and what kind of joint?

A
  • Subtalar (Talocalcaneal) Joint:
  • Pivot type of joint. 1 rotatory oblique axis of movement
  • Between the Posterior Calcaneal articular surface of Talus and the Posterior Talar
    articular surface of Calcaneus
61
Q

The subtalar joint has what kind of capsule and is stabilized by which ligaments

A

Joint capsule is loose & thin, attaching to the margins of the bones.
Ligaments: strengthen the joint capsule:
-Medial / Lateral Talocalcaneal ligaments
-Posterior Talocalcaneal ligament
- Interossious Talocalcaneal ligament: very strong, lies in the Tarsal Sinus, separates the Subtalar from the Talocalcaneonavicular joint

62
Q

Talocalcaneonavicular Joint is what kind of joint? 2 types

A
  • The Talocalcaneal part is Plane type of joint (Middle & Anterior calcaneal articular surfaces of
    Talus/calcaneus)

-the Talonavicular part is Spheroidal
(Ball & Socket) type of joint that functions as Pivot joint due to the many ligaments that restricts it (Head of Talus and the Talar articular surface on the
Navicular bone)

63
Q

Talocalcaneonavicular Joint movement

A

Supinator muscles of the foot (adductor,

plantarflexor and medial rotator muscles):

(30°) – Inversion:

m. triceps surae,
m. tibialis posterior,
m. flexor hallucis longus,
m. flexor digitorum longus,
m. tibialis anterior,
m. extensor hallucis longus.

Pronator muscles of the foot (abductor, dorsalflexor and lateral rotator muscles):

(30°) – Eversion:

m. peroneus longus,
m. peroneus brevis,
m. extensor digitorum longus,
m. peroneus tertius.

64
Q

In summary the Upper Ankle joint (Talocrural) permits Hinge movements . The Lower Ankle joint (Subtalar & Talocalcaneonavicular) permits Rotation
movements which are Trochoid.

A
65
Q

what are the two amputation lines and where are they located?

A

 Chopart’s Joint line (Transverse Tarsal Joint): Between Talus, Calcaneus Navicular &
Cuboid bones.
 Lisfranc’s Joint line: Between Tarsals & Metatarsals

66
Q

What are the two arches of the foot?

A

longitutional arch - medial part: It is made up by the calcaneus, the talus, the navicular, the three cuneiforms, and the first, second, and thirdmetatarsals

lateral part: calcaneus, the cuboid, and the fourth and fifth metatarsals

The transverse arch is composed of the three cuneiforms, the cuboid, and the five metatarsal bases

67
Q

the arch of the foot is supported by what tendons, ligaments and muscles?

A

longitutional arch:

tendon of the Tibialis posterior

tendon of the Tibialis anterior

plantar aponeurosis

Peronæus longus

long plantar and the plantar calcaneocuboid ligaments

transverse arch:

interosseous, plantar, and dorsal ligaments

short muscles of the first and fifth toes (especially the transverse head of the Adductor hallucis)

tendon the Peronæus longus

68
Q

Metatarsophalangeal Joints are what kind of joint, ennervated by which nerves? Blood supply?

A

Spheroidal (Ball & Socket) anatomically shaped joints but restricted into 2 axes
(Condyloid or Ellipsoid functionally).

Digital nerves

Lateral Metatarsal artery, a branch of Dorsalis Pedis artery

69
Q

Tarsometatarsal Joints are what kind of joint, ennervated by which nerves? Blood supply?

A

Plane type of Synovial joints. Gliding or Sliding movements occur at them.

Planter aspect: Medial / Lateral plantar nerves
Dorsal aspect: Deep Fibular nerve
Also Sural nerve

Anterior Tibial artery via lateral tarsal artery, a branch of Dorsalis Pedis artery

70
Q

Interphalangeal Joints are what kind of joint, ennervated by which nerves? Blood supply?

A

Hinge type of Synovial joints.

Digital nerves

Digital branches of Plantar Arch

71
Q

Intermetatarsal Joints are what kind of joint, ennervated by which nerves? Blood supply?

A

Plane type of Synovial joints. Little individual movement occurs in them.

Digital nerves

Lateral Metatarsal artery, a
branch of Dorsalis Pedis artery

72
Q

Metatarsophalangeal Joint have what kind of movements? What joint?

A

Spheroidal (Ball & Socket) anatomically shaped joints but restricted into 2 axes
(Condyloid or Ellipsoid functionally).

Movements: 2 axes joint:
 Flexion / Extension
 Abduction / Adduction (Restricted by collateral ligaments)
 Combined Circumduction

73
Q

Metatarsophalangeal Joint have what kind of movements? What joint?

A

hinge

Movements: 1 axis joint:
 Flexion / Extension

74
Q

Plantarflexion of the big toe is caused by what muscles?

A

Plantarflexion

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

Abductor Hallucis

(40°)

75
Q

dorsiflexion of the big toe is caused by what muscles?

A

Dorsiflexion

Extensor Hallucis Longus

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

(55°)

76
Q

abduction of the big toe is caused by what muscles?

A

abduction

Abductor Hallucis

77
Q

adduction of the big toe is caused by what muscles?

A

Adductor Hallucis

78
Q

Dorsiflexion of the toes is caused by what muscles?

A

Dorsiflexion

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

(55°)

79
Q

Plantarflexion of the toes is caused by what muscles?

A

Plantarflexion

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Lumbricals
Flexor Digit Minimi Brevis

(40°)

80
Q

Abduction of the toes is caused by what muscles?

A

Abduction

Dorsal Interossious

Abductor Digiti Minimi

81
Q

Adduction of the toes is caused by what muscles?

A

Adduction

Plantar Interossious

Opponens Digiti Minimi

82
Q
A

Y Anatomy I (18 decks)

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