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Physiology > Muscle physiology > Flashcards

Muscle physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle is a group of what

A

Fascicles

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2
Q

What is the plasma membrane of muscle called?

A

Sarcolemma

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3
Q

What is the cytoplasm of the muscle

A

Sarcoplasm

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4
Q

myofibrils contain what?

A

Contractile machinery

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5
Q

Smooth ER in muscle is what

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum, contains many mitochondira- high energy

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6
Q

what gives muscle striated appearance

A

myofibrils

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7
Q

What is myofibrils made of

A

It is bundle of overlapping thick and thin filaments made up from proteins actin and myosin

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8
Q

what is a sarcomere

A

Z line to Z line

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9
Q

What are the three proteins in thin filaments

A

Actin, Tropomyosin, and Troponin

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10
Q

What does actin have

A

Binding sites for myosin

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11
Q

What type of protein is Actin

A

Contractile

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12
Q

What does each g Actin have

A

Binding site for myosin

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13
Q

What is tropomyosin

A

Regulatory protein, overlaps binding sites on actin for myosin

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14
Q

What is Troponin

A

Regulatory protein

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15
Q

Troponins three proteins do what?

A

Attach to actin, attach to tropomysoin and binds calcium reversibly

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16
Q

What does calcium binding to troponin regulate?

A

Skeletal muscle contraction

17
Q

The tails of thick filaments face what?

A

M-lines

18
Q

Myosin head has how many binding sites

A

2, one for actin, one for ATP

19
Q

What is TItin

A

Support protein, achors thick filaments between M-line and Z-line, provides structural support and elacticity

20
Q

What happens within a sarcomere to ( A band , I band, H zone and sarcomere) during contraction

A

A band stays same length
I band shortens
H zone shortens
Sarcomere shortens

21
Q

What is the crossbridge cycle

A

Cyclical formation of links between actin and myosin resulting in the sliding of thin filaments toward the M line of a sarcomere

22
Q

During high energy form during cross cycle, what is bound to myosin and what is affinity for action

A

ADP and Pi bound to myosin, high affinity for actin

23
Q

What does Crossbridge cycle rely on

A

ATP hydrolysis

24
Q

Analogous to what

A

Rowing boat through water, our paddle is crossbridge

25
Q

Link of thick filament to thin

A

Oar contact with water

26
Q

Power stoke

A

Myosin head moves propelling thin filament toward center of muscle ( oar propelling boat)

27
Q

Thick and thin filaments

A

Oar breaks contact with water

28
Q

What is excitation contraction coupling. What does it depend on?

A

Sequence of events whereby an action potential in the sarcolemma causes contraction
Depends on neural input from motor neuron

29
Q

What does excitation contraction coupling require

A

Calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

30
Q

What occurs if no calcium in contraction?

A

Troponin holds tropomysoin over myosin binding sites on actin. No crossbrdiges form, muscle is relaxed

31
Q

When calcium is present what is role in excitation contraction coupling

A

Calcium Present - binds to troponin, causing movement of troponin, causing movement of tropomyosin, exposing binding sites for myosin on actin
Crossbridges form, cycle occurs

32
Q

List the steps of excitation contraction coupling

A
  1. Action potential in sarcolemma.
  2. Action potential down T tubles.
  3. DHP receptors of T tubules open Ca2+ channels .
  4. Calcium increases in cytosol
  5. Calcium binds to troponin shifting tropomyosin
  6. Cross bidge cycling occurs
33
Q

What must occur to terminate the contraction?

A

Calcium must leave troponin, allowing tropomyosin to cover myosin binding sites on actin

34
Q

ATP is used by muscle how?

A

Crossbridge cycle, splitting of ATP by myosin ATPase(power stroke)
Binding of fresh ATP to myosin to cause dissociation

35
Q

Sources of ATP in muscle

A

Phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphate
Oxidative phosphorylation of ADP in mitochondria
Anaerobic Glycolysis

36
Q

How to maintain adequate oxygen to muscle

A

Increase ventilation
Increase heart rate and contraction
Dilate vessels to muscle

37
Q

Glucose is substrate for oxidative phosphorylatio for how long then what is after rthat

A

30 min, then fatty acids dominant

Physiology (20 decks)

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