Chap 3 (Cell Metabolism) Flashcards
Define Metabolism
The sum of all the physical and chemical processes by which living organised substance is produced and maintained (anabolism) and also the transformation by which energy is made available for the uses of the organism (catabolism)
The set of reactions involved in energy storage and use (energy exchange) is called
energy metabolism
What is catabolic reaction? Give one example
It is a breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones. breakdown of proteins into Amino acids.
What is a Anabolic reaction? Give an example.
Involves production of larger molecules from smaller ones. Synthesis of proteins from amino acids.
During a reaction, what are the substances in the middle of the reaction called.
Intermediates.
When you eat a meal containing protein, what type of reaction occurs?
Catabolic reaciton, breaks down into amino acids so it can be easily absorbed into the blood.
What does hydrolysis mean? What occurs here.
“splitting with water.” Water reacts with molecules causing breakage of the bonds that link a molecule together.
The splitting of a disaccharide into two monosacharides is an example of what ?
Hydrolysis.
What happens during hydrolysis of sucrose?
Sucrose+H2O—>Glucose+fructose
What is the reverse of hydrolysis? Explain.
Condensation. Involves the joining of two or more smaller molecules to form a larger one.
General Equation for hydrolysis.
A-B + H2O –> A-OH + H-B
General equation for condensation.
A-OH + H-B –> A-B + H2O
What is phosphorylation? General Equation.
Addition of a phosphate group during a reaction. A + Pi –> A-P
Give equation for ADP to ATP. Given the products, what else can be said about this reaction?
ADP+Pi–>ATP+H20. It is also a condensation due to the fact it produces water.
What is dephosphorylation? General Equation.
Removal of phosphate group during a reaction. A-P –> A + Pi.
Give equation for ATP to ADP. What else can be said about the equation given the reaction.
ATP+H20 – ADP + Pi. It is hydrolysis due to the fact water was used to split.
Define oxidation
Removal of electrons from atom
Define Reduction
Addition of electron to atom
What is primary mechanism for synthesizing ATP in our cells
Oxidative phosphorylation
What occurs during oxidative phosphorylation. What else can occur?
Electrons are removed from pairs of hydrogen atoms, causing these atoms to become positively charged hydrogen ions. The reverse. That is electrons combine with hydrogen ions to form uncharged hydrogen atoms.
Metabolic reactions provide us with
Energy
What is Kinetic energy? Includes what?
Associated with motion. Includes thermal energy, radiant or electromagnetic energy and electrical energy.(Energy of motion)
What is potential energy?
Store energy that can be converted to kinetic E.
Where do molecules have potential energy
In nucleus, and in bonds.
What does first law of thermodynamics state
That energy in a closed system is constant. Cannot be created or destroyed.
Energy releasing reaction is also called? Give example
Exergonic or Catabolic. Combustion of gasoline.
Reaction requiring energy is called? Give example
endogonic or Anabolic. Synthesis of proteins
When talking about energy change in a reaction, which energy type are we speaking of
Potential
