Central Nervous System Flashcards
What does CNS consist of
Brain and Spinal Cord
What is the function of the CNS?
Integration, processing and coordinating sensory data and motor commands
- Seat of higher intellectual processes and memory
Control center to provide feedback on stimulus (thermoregulation)
What is the peripheral nervous system? What does it do?
All neural tissue outside the CNS. Carries sensory from sensors and motor signals to effectors via nerve fibers or axons.
What are the three types of nerve fibers?
- Peripheral nerves- connected to blood vessels and connective tissue.
- Cranial nerves- attached to brain or brain stem.
- Spinal nerves are attached to the spinal cord
What are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
Afferent and efferent
What does the afferent division do?
Carries sensory information from receptors in the periphery to CNS
What is a transducer?
A receptor, located in different muscles and organs
What does a transducer do?
a transducer changes its state (depolarization) when stimulated by a stimulus (ex: cold on the skin)
What does the efferent division do?
Carries motor commands from CNS to effectors (organs or tissues)
Two components of the efferent division
Somatic nervous system, and autonomic nervous system
What does somatic nervous system do?
Controls skeletal muscle contractions
Somatic is either what or what?
VOluntary and involuntary, conscious or subconscious
What does the Autonomic nervous system do
provides autonomic involuntary regulation
What are the two subcomponents of ANS
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
Sensory neuron is attached to what
the afferent division of the PNS
Motor neuron is attached to what?
Efferent division of PNS
ANS has visceral motor neurons that end in what, from this info is relayed to what
ganglia, skeletal muscle effectors
What does soma mean
Cell body
What gives it grey color
nissl bodies
What are nissl bodies?
cluster of ribosomes and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum that stain dark
what is an axoplasm?
Cytoplasm of the axon that contains mitochrondria, neurofibrils, and microtubules
What is cell membrane of the axon called?
Axolemma
What are collaterals?
branches of axon along its length
What is telodendira
end in synaptic terminals and allows communication between neurons and other tissues
What is synapse?
site of intercellular communication
presynaptic has synaptic terminal and synaptic vesicles
sends message
post synaptic receives messages
message transmitted with a neurotransmitter
Waht is Neuron function?
Can synapse to a muscle, gland, or to a neuron
When a neuron synapses with another neuron synaptic terminal what is it called?
synaptic knob
what are the four neuron classifications and characteristics of each
Anaxonic
small, function poorly understood
Bipolar
long dendrite with long axon; special senses
Unipolar
continuous dendrite with axon; sensory neuron (PNS). Can reach up to 1 meter in length
Multipolar
several dendrites, single axon; most common in CNS (ex: motor neuron)
