Central Nervous System

Question 1

What does CNS consist of

Answer 1

Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 2

What is the function of the CNS?

Answer 2

Integration, processing and coordinating sensory data and motor commands
- Seat of higher intellectual processes and memory
Control center to provide feedback on stimulus (thermoregulation)

Question 3

What is the peripheral nervous system? What does it do?

Answer 3

All neural tissue outside the CNS. Carries sensory from sensors and motor signals to effectors via nerve fibers or axons.

Question 4

What are the three types of nerve fibers?

Answer 4

1. Peripheral nerves- connected to blood vessels and connective tissue.
2. Cranial nerves- attached to brain or brain stem.
3. Spinal nerves are attached to the spinal cord

Question 5

What are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 5

Afferent and efferent

Question 6

What does the afferent division do?

Answer 6

Carries sensory information from receptors in the periphery to CNS

Question 7

What is a transducer?

Answer 7

A receptor, located in different muscles and organs

Question 8

What does a transducer do?

Answer 8

a transducer changes its state (depolarization) when stimulated by a stimulus (ex: cold on the skin)

Question 9

What does the efferent division do?

Answer 9

Carries motor commands from CNS to effectors (organs or tissues)

Question 10

Two components of the efferent division

Answer 10

Somatic nervous system, and autonomic nervous system

Question 11

What does somatic nervous system do?

Answer 11

Controls skeletal muscle contractions

Question 12

Somatic is either what or what?

Answer 12

VOluntary and involuntary, conscious or subconscious

Question 13

What does the Autonomic nervous system do

Answer 13

provides autonomic involuntary regulation

Question 14

What are the two subcomponents of ANS

Answer 14

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 15

Sensory neuron is attached to what

Answer 15

the afferent division of the PNS

Question 16

Motor neuron is attached to what?

Answer 16

Efferent division of PNS

Question 17

ANS has visceral motor neurons that end in what, from this info is relayed to what

Answer 17

ganglia, skeletal muscle effectors

Question 18

What does soma mean

Answer 18

Cell body

Question 19

What gives it grey color

Answer 19

nissl bodies

Question 20

What are nissl bodies?

Answer 20

cluster of ribosomes and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum that stain dark

Question 21

what is an axoplasm?

Answer 21

Cytoplasm of the axon that contains mitochrondria, neurofibrils, and microtubules

Question 22

What is cell membrane of the axon called?

Answer 22

Axolemma

Question 23

What are collaterals?

Answer 23

branches of axon along its length

Question 24

What is telodendira

Answer 24

end in synaptic terminals and allows communication between neurons and other tissues

Question 25

What is synapse?

Answer 25

site of intercellular communication
presynaptic has synaptic terminal and synaptic vesicles
sends message
post synaptic receives messages
message transmitted with a neurotransmitter

Question 26

Waht is Neuron function?

Answer 26

Can synapse to a muscle, gland, or to a neuron

Question 27

When a neuron synapses with another neuron synaptic terminal what is it called?

Answer 27

synaptic knob

Question 28

what are the four neuron classifications and characteristics of each

Answer 28

Anaxonic
small, function poorly understood
Bipolar
long dendrite with long axon; special senses
Unipolar
continuous dendrite with axon; sensory neuron (PNS). Can reach up to 1 meter in length
Multipolar
several dendrites, single axon; most common in CNS (ex: motor neuron)