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Hematology And Oncology > Multiple myeloma - Myelodysplastic syndromes > Flashcards

Multiple myeloma - Myelodysplastic syndromes Flashcards

1
Q

Myelodysplastic syndromes - mechanism

A

stem cell disorders involving ineffective hematopoiesis

–> defects in cell maturation of all nonlymphoid lineages

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2
Q

Myelodysplastic syndromes is caused by

A
  1. de novo mutations

2. environmental exposure (radiation, benzene, chemotherapy)

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3
Q

Myelodysplastic syndromes - environmental exposure

A
  1. radiation
  2. benzene
  3. chemotherapy
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4
Q

Myelodysplastic syndromes - complications

A

may progress to AML

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5
Q

Pseudo-Pelger-Huet anomaly

A

neutrophils with bilobed nuclei typically seen after chemotherapy

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6
Q

Pseudo-Pelger-Huet anomaly - typically seen

A

after chemotherapy

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7
Q

MGUS

A

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance

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8
Q

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance - definition

A

monoclonal expansion of plasma cells

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9
Q

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance - symptoms

A

asymptomatic

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10
Q

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance - complications

A

may lead to multiple myeloma (1-2% per year)

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11
Q

Multiple myeloma - age

A

more than 40-50

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12
Q

Multiple myeloma is the most common primary tumor ….

A

arising with bone in people >40-50

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13
Q

Multiple myeloma - cancer of

A

plasma cells (fried egg appearance)

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14
Q

Multiple myeloma - arises in the

A

marrow

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15
Q

Multiple myeloma - produces (proportions)

A

large ammount of:

  • IgG (55%)
  • IgA (25%)
  • Ig light chains
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16
Q

Multiple myeloma - histology

A

Numerous plasma cells with clock face chromatin and intracytoplasmic inclusions containing immunglobulin

17
Q

Multiple myeloma - increased susceptibility to

A

infection

18
Q

Multiple myeloma - symptoms/findings

A
  1. hypercalcemia 2. anemia 3. renal involvement 4. bone lytic lesion/back pain 5. infections 6. Rouleaux formation
  2. Bence Jones protein 8. Primary amyloidosis (AL) 9 . M spike on electrophoresis
19
Q

Multiple myeloma - x-ray

A

Punched out lytic bone lesions on x-ray

20
Q

Multiple myeloma - Rouleaux formation

A

RBCs stacked like poker chips in blood smear

21
Q

Multiple myeloma - Bence Jones protein

A

Ig light chains in urine

22
Q

Waldestrom macroblobulinemia - symptoms.mechanism

A

M spike = IgM –> hyperviscosity syndrome –> 1. blurred vision 2. Raynaud phenomenon

23
Q

multiple myeloma may cause … in kidney

A

Fanconi syndrome (generalized reabsorptive defect in PCT)

24
Q

causes of Fanconi syndrome

A
  1. hereditary defects (Wislon, tyrosinemia, glycogen storage disease, cystinosis)
  2. Ischemia
  3. MM
  4. nephrotoxins/drugs (ifosfmaide, cisplatin, tenofovir, expired tetracyclines)
  5. LEAD POISONING
25
Q

Multiple Myeloma - cytokines

A

high serum of IL-6

Hematology And Oncology (21 decks)

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