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Hematology And Oncology > Lymphomas > Flashcards

Lymphomas Flashcards

1
Q

leukemia vs lymphoma: leukemia

A

lymphoid or myeloid neoplasm with widespread involvement of bone marrow. Tumor cells are usually found in peripheral blood

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2
Q

leukemia vs lymphoma: lymphoma

A

Discrete tumor mass arising from lymph nodes.

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3
Q

Leukemoid reaction

A

Acute inflammatory response to infection. Increased WBC cound with increased neutrophils and neutrophil precursors such as band cells (left shift)

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4
Q

Hodgkin - strongly associated with

A

EBV

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5
Q

non-Hodgkin - may be associated with

A
  1. HIV

2. autoimmune diseases

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6
Q

lymphoma - Constitutionals Β signs/symptoms

A
  1. low grade fever
  2. night sweats
  3. weight loss
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7
Q

Hodgkin vs non-Hodgkin lymphoma - Constitutionals Β signs/symptoms

A

common in Hodgkin

not common in Non-Hodgkin

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8
Q

Hodgkin - age

A

bimodal distribution - young adulthood and >55 years

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9
Q

non-Hodgkin lymphoma - age

A

Peak incidence for certain subtypes at 20-40 years old

CAN OCCUR IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS

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10
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma - men or women

A

more common in men except for nodular sclerosing type

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11
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma - cells

A

Reed-Sternberg cells

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12
Q

non-Hodgkin lymphoma - cells

A 
B cells
T cells (fewer)
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13
Q

non-Hodgkin lymphoma - location

A

Multiple, peripheral nodes, extranodal involvement common, noncontaguous spread

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14
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma - location

A

Localized, single group of nodes. Extranodal rare. Contiguous spread.

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15
Q

Hodgkin vs non-Hodgkin lymphoma - prognosis

A

prognosis is much better in Hodgkin

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16
Q

Hodgkin vs non-Hodgkin lymphoma - stage is stronger predictor of prognosis

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

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17
Q

Reed-Sternberg cells - seen in

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

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18
Q

Reed-Sternberg cells - definition

A

distinctive tumor giant cell seen in Hodgkin lymphoma

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19
Q

Reed-Sternberg cells - histology

A

binucleate or bilobed with the 2 halves as mirror image (owl eyes)
CD15+ CD30+

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20
Q

Reed-Sternberg cells - positive CD

A

CD15+ CD30+

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21
Q

Reed-Sternberg cells - origin

A

B cells

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22
Q

Reed-Sternberg cells for hodgkin diagnosis

A

necessary but not sufficient

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23
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma - mechanims for better prognosis

A

strong stromal or lympocytic reaction against Reed-Sternberg cells

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24
Q

MC Hodgkin lymphoma

A

Nodular sclerosing

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25
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma with best prognosis

A

lymphocyte-rich

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26
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma with best prognosis with the worse prognosis

A
  1. lymphocyte mixed

2. depleted forms

27
Q

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma - divided to

A
  1. Lymphomas of mature B cells

2. Lymphomas of mature T cells

28
Q

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma B cells - types

A
  1. Burkitt lymphoma
  2. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
  3. Follicular lymphoma
  4. Mantle cell lymphoma
  5. Primary central nervous system lymphoma
  6. Marginal zone lymphoma
29
Q

Burkitt lymphoma - occurs in (age)

A

adolescents or young adults

30
Q

Burkitt lymphoma - genetics

A

t(8;14) - translocation of c-myc (8) and heavy - chain Ig (14)

31
Q

Burkitt lymphoma - histology

A

starry sky appearance, sheets of lymphocytes with interspersed “tingible body” macrophages

32
Q

Burkitt lymphoma - associated with

A

EBV

33
Q

Burkitt lymphoma - forms

A 
endemic form (africa)
sporadic form
34
Q

Burkitt lymphoma - endemic form

A

jaw lesion

35
Q

Burkitt lymphoma - sporadic form

A

pelvis or abdomen lesion

36
Q

MC type of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

A

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

37
Q

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma - occurs in (age)

A

usually older adults but 20% in chidren

38
Q

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma - adults or children

A

usually older adults but 20% in chidren

39
Q

Follicular lymphoma - occurs in (age)

A

adults

40
Q

Follicular lymphoma - genetics

A

t(14;18) - translocation of heavy-chain Ig (14) and BCL-2 (18)

41
Q

BCL-2 action

A

inhibits apoptosis

42
Q

Follicular lymphoma presents with

A

painless waxing and waning lymphadenopathy (indolent course)

43
Q

Follicular lymphoma - histology

A

follicular architecture:
small cleaved cells (grade 1)
large cells (grade 3)
mixture (grade 2)

44
Q

Mantle cells lymphoma - occurs in

A

older males

45
Q

Mantle cells lymphoma - marker/presentation

A

CD5+

patiens typically present with late stage disease (very aggressive)

46
Q

Mantle cells lymphoma - genetics

A

t(11:14) - translocation of cycle D1 (11) and heavy-chain Ig (14)

47
Q

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma T cells - types

A
  1. Adults T-cells lymphoma

2. Mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome

48
Q

Adults T-cells lymphoma - occurs in

A

adults

49
Q

Adults T-cells lymphoma is caused by

A

HTLV (associated with IV drug abuse)

50
Q

HTLV - transmission (associated with)

A

IV drug abuse

51
Q

Adults T-cells lymphoma - symptoms

A
  1. cutaneous lesions
    2, Lytic bone lesions
  2. Hypercalcemia
52
Q

Adults T-cells lymphoma - population

A
  1. Japan
  2. West Africa
  3. Caribbean
53
Q

Mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome - occurs in

A

adults

54
Q

Mycosis fungoides present with

A

skin patches/plaques (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma)

55
Q

Mycosis fungoides - histology

A

atypical CD4+ cells with cerebriform nuclei

56
Q

Mycosis fungoides may progress to

A

Sezary syndrome (T-cell leukemia)

57
Q

Primary central nervous system lymphoma - T or B cells

A

B

58
Q

Primary central nervous system lymphoma is associated with

A

HIV/AIDS (nmz me EBV) B

59
Q

Primary central nervous system lymphoma is considered as

A

AIDS-defining illness

60
Q

Primary central nervous system lymphoma - presentation

A

variable: confusion, memory loss, seizures

61
Q

Primary central nervous system lymphoma - appearance (relevance)

A

Mass lesion(s) on MRI –> needs to be distinguished from toxoplasmosis via CSF analysis or other lab tsts

62
Q

Marginal zone lymphoma - definition

A

neoplastic proliferation of small B cells (cd20) that expands the marginal zone

63
Q

Marginal zone lymphoma - associated with

A

chronic inflammatory states such as Hashimoto, Sjogren, H. Pylori
MALTOMA is marginal zone of mucosal sites

Hematology And Oncology (21 decks)

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