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Hematology And Oncology > anatomy > Flashcards

anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Erythrocytes: purpose of large surface area to volume ratio

A

Rapid gas exchange

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2
Q

Erythrocytes life span

A

120 days

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3
Q

Erythrocytes source of energy

A

Glucose: 90% glycolysis, 10% HMP shunt

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4
Q

erythrocyte - Membrane antiporter

A

cl-/hco3-

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5
Q

Erythrocytosis

A

Polycythemia

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6
Q

Poikilocytosis

A

Varying shapes

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7
Q

Reticulocytes - definition/reflects to

A

immature RBCs

Erythroid proliferation

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8
Q

Platelets involved in

A

1o hemostasis

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9
Q

Platelets life span

A

8-10 days

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10
Q

Platelets interacts with other platelets by…..to form ..

A

Fibrinogen

Platelet plug

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11
Q

Platelets types of granules (and what they contain)

A 
Desne granules (ADP, Ca2+)
a granules (vwf, Fibrinogen, fibronectin)
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12
Q

Platelets dense granules contain

A

ADP

Ca2+

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13
Q

Platelets a granules

A

vwf
Fibrinogen
fibronectin

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14
Q

1/3 of platelets is stored in

A

The spleen

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15
Q

Vwf receptor on platelets

A

GpIb

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16
Q

Fibrinogen receptor on platelets

A

GpIIb/IIIa

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17
Q

Leukocytes are divided to

A 
Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)
Mononuclear cells (monocytes, lymphocytes)
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18
Q

Leukocytes count

A

4000-10000

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19
Q

Leukocytes groups proportions

A 
Neutrophils 54-62%
Lymphocytes 25-33
Monocytes 3-7
Eosinophils 1-3
Basophils 0-0,75
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20
Q

Acute inflammation respond cells

A

Neutrophils

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21
Q

Neutrophils kind of granules

A 
Specific granules 
Azurophilic granules (lysosomes)
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22
Q

Neutrophile specific granules contain

A

ALP, collagenase, lysozyme, lactoferrin

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23
Q

Neutrophils azurophilic granules (lysosomes) contain

A

Proteinases, acid phosphates, myeloperoxidase, β-glucuronidase

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24
Q

Increased nutrophil band cells (immatures neutrophils) reflects states of

A

Increased myeloid proliferation (bact infection, CML)

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25
Important neutrophil chemotactic agents
1. C5a 2. IL-8. 3. LTB-4. 4. Kallikrein 5. Platelet-activating factor
26
Plasma cell cancer
Multiple myeloma
27
Plasma cells histological features
1. Clock face chromatin distribution 2. Abundant RER 3. Well developed Golgi apparatus 4. eccentric nucleus
28
Monocytes histological features
1. Large kidney-shaped nucleus | 2. Extensive "frosted glass" cytoplasm
29
Macrophages phagocytose:
1. Bacteria 2. Cellular debris 3. Senescent RBCs
30
Macrophage are activatd by
γ-interferon
31
Macrophage can function also as .... via .....
Antigen presenting cell | MHC II
32
Macrophage are important components of
Granuloma formation
33
Macrophages-septic shock
Lipid A from bacterial LPC binds CD14 on macrophages to initiate septic shock
34
Causes of eosinophilia
``` Neoplasia Asthma Allergic reaction Chronic adrenal insufficiency Parasites (invasive) ```
35
Eosinophils histological features
1. Bilobate nucleus | 2. Large eosinophilic granules of uniform size
36
Eosinophils actions
1. Defense against helminthic infections (MBP) | 2. Highly phagocytic for antigen antibody complexes
37
Eosinophils produce
1. Histaminase | 2. Major basic protein (helminthotoxin)
38
Basophilic - staining readily by
Basic stains
39
Basophilia
Uncommon. Myeloproliferative disease (particularly CML)
40
Basophil actiom
Mediates allergic reaction
41
Basophilic granules
Densely basophilic.. Contain heparin (anticoagulant) and histamine (vasodilator)
42
Basophils synthesize and release
Leukotrienes
43
Mast cell appearance of granules
Basophilic
44
IgE cross links, upon antigen binding, causing degranulation, which releases
1. Histamine 2. Heparin 3. Eosinophilic chemotactic factor 4. tryptase
45
It prevents mast cell degranulation
Cromolyn sodium
46
Dendritic cells express ... in their surface
MCH II | Fc receptors
47
Lymphocytes types and appearance (and type of immunity)
- B T (adaptive) - NK (innate) Round, densely staining with small amount of pale cytoplasm
48
B cell can function as an APC via
MCH II
49
Mature B cells origin/migrates to
origin: stem cells of bone marrow --> migrates to peripiphera lymphoid tissue: 1. Follicles of lymph nobes 2. White pulp of spleen 3. Unencapsulated lymphoid tissue
50
The majority of circulating cells are
T cells 80%
51
T cell markers
CD3 CD4 | CD3 CD8
52
B cell markers
CD 19 20 21
53
CD 28
Constitutional signal necessary for T cell activation
54
Types of T cells
1. CD4 2. CD8 3. Regulatory T cells
55
Erythrocytes shape
Anucleate and biconcave, lacks of organelles, with large surface to volume area ratio
56
Hypersegment polys neutrophils - definition/seen in
nucleus has 6+ lobes 1. Vit b12 2. Folate deficiency
57
Cromolyn sodium is used for
Asthma prophylaxis
58
Dendritic cell links between
Innate and adaptive immune system
59
Dendritic cells in skin
Langerhans
60
B cells participate in
Humoral innate immune response
61
T cells mediates ...
Cellular immune response
62
Platelet activation by
endothelial injury
63
Erythrocytosis vs Poikilocytosis vs anisocytosis
Erythrocytosis --> Polycythemia Poikilocytosis --> Varying shapes anisocytosis --> varying sizes
64
Reticulocutes - staining (everything)
Bluish color on Wright-Giemsa stain of reticulocytes represents residual ribosomal RNA
65
thromboyctes (platelets) structure
small cytoplasmic fragment derived from megakaryocytes
66
platelets are activated by
endothelial injury
67
thrmobocytopenia or low platelets function results in
petechiae
68
neutrophils are increased in
bacterial infection
69
monocytes - fate
differentiates into macrophages in tissues
70
Macrophages - duration of life
long life in tissues
71
Mast cells vs Basophilic according to origin
same precursor but are not the same type
72
When antigen is encountered, B cells differentiate into
plasma cells and memory cells
73
T cells - origin
from stem cells in bone marrow --> matures in thymus
74
plasma cells are found in
bone marrow | --> normally do not circulate in peripheral blood

Hematology And Oncology (21 decks)

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