Cancer Drugs 2

Question 1

Bevacizumab mechanism of action

Answer 1

Monoclonal antibody against VEGF (inhibits angiogenesis)

Question 2

Bevacizumab clinical use

Answer 2

Solid tumors: 1. Colorectal 2. Renal

Question 3

Bevacizumab toxicity

Answer 3

1. Hemorrhage
2. Blood clots
3. Impaired wound healing

Question 4

Vemurafenib mechanism of action

Answer 4

Small molecule inhibitor of BRAF oncogene + melanoma

Question 5

Imatinib toxicity

Answer 5

Fluid retention

Question 6

Imatinib clinical use

Answer 6

1. CML (BCR-ABL)

2. GI stromal tumors (c kit)

Question 7

Imatinib mechanism of action

Answer 7

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor of BCR-ABL (Philadelphia ch) and c-kit (gi stromal tumors)

Question 8

Rituximab mechanism of action

Answer 8

Monoclonal antibody against CD20 (B-cells)

Question 9

Rituximab toxicity

Answer 9

Increased risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Question 10

Rituximab clinical use

Answer 10

1. Non-Hodgkin
2. CLL
3. RA
4. ITP

Question 11

Cisplatin, carboplatin mechanism of action

Answer 11

Cross link dna

Question 12

Cisplatin carboplatin clinical use

Answer 12

1. Testicular ca
2. bladder ca
3. Ovary ca
4. Lung ca

Question 13

Cisplatin carboplatin toxicity

Answer 13

1. Nephrotoxicity
2. Ototoxicity
3. peripheral neuropathy

Question 14

How to prevent cisplatin or carboplatin associated nephrotoxicity

Answer 14

Amifostine (free radical scavenger) chloride (saline) diuresis

Question 15

Etoposide, tenoposide - mechanism of action

Answer 15

Inhibits topoisomerase 2–> dna degradation

Question 16

Etoposide tenoposide clinical use

Answer 16

1. Solid tumors (testicular, small cell lung)
2. Lymphoma
3. Leukemia

Question 17

Etoposide tenoposide toxicity

Answer 17

1. Myelosuppression
2. Gi upset
3. Alopecia

Question 18

Irinotecan, topotecan mechanism of action

Answer 18

Inhibit topoisomerase 1 and prevent DNA unwinding and replication

Question 19

Irinotecan clinical use

Answer 19

Colon cancer

Question 20

Topotecan clinical use

Answer 20

1. Small cell lung cancer

2. Ovarian

Question 21

Irinotecan, topotecan toxicity

Answer 21

1. Severe myelosuppression

2. Diarrhea

Question 22

Trastuzumab is also called

Answer 22

Herceptin

Question 23

Trastuzumab (herceptin) toxicity

Answer 23

Cardiotoxicity

Question 24

Trastuzumab (herceptin) clinical use

Answer 24

Her2 + breast cancer and gastric cancer

Question 25

Trastuzumab (herceptin) mechanism of action

Answer 25

Monoclonal antibody against HER-2 (c-erbB2), a tyrosine kinase receptor. It kills cancer cells that overepress HER-2 by A. inhibition of HER-2-initiated cellular signaling B. Antibody depended cytotoxicity

Question 26

2 SERMs

Answer 26

1. Tamoxifen | 2. Raloxifene

Question 27

SERMs (tamoxifen, raloxifene) clinical

Answer 27

Tamoxifen: breast cancer treatment Raloxifene: prevent osteoporosis Both: breast cancer prevention

Question 28

Tamoxifen, raloxifene toxicity

Answer 28

Tamoxifen: 1. partial agonist in endometrium which increases the risk of endometrial cancer Raloxifene: no increase in endometrial ca (antagonist in endometrial estrogen receptor) both increases the risk of thromboembolic events and hot flashes

Question 29

Prednisone, prednisolone mechanism of action

Answer 29

Various....1. Bind intracytoplasmic receptor 2. Alter gene transcription

Question 30

Prednisone, prednisolone clinical use

Answer 30

A. Most commonly used glucocorticoids in cancer chemotherapy 1. CLL 2. Non-Hodgkin (part of combination) B. Immunosuppressants (eg. Autoimmune disease)

Question 31

Prednisone, prednisolone toxicity

Answer 31

Cushing-like, weight gain, central obesity, muscle break down, cataracts, acne, osteoporosis, hypertension, peptic ulcer, hyperglycemia, psychosis

Question 32

cancer drugs that acts on S and G2

Answer 32

etoposide, tenoposide, irinotecan, topotecan

Question 33

cancer drugs that acts only on S phase

Answer 33

antimetabolites

Question 34

cancer drugs that act on G2

Answer 34

bleomycin

Question 35

cancer drugs that acts on M phase

Answer 35

microtubule inhibitors

Question 36

Cell cycle independent drugs

Answer 36

Platinum agents | Alkylating agents

Question 37

hematologic drugs that are teratogenic

Answer 37

1. alkylating angents | 2. warfarin

Question 38

Cetuximab - mechanism of action

Answer 38

Monoclonal antibody against EGFR

Question 39

Cetuximab - clinical use

Answer 39

1. stage IV CRC (wild-typeKRAS) | 2. head and neck cancer

Question 40

Cetuximab - adverse effects

Answer 40

1. rash 2. elevated LFTs 3. Diarrhea