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Hematology And Oncology > Cancer Drugs 2 > Flashcards

Cancer Drugs 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Bevacizumab mechanism of action

A

Monoclonal antibody against VEGF (inhibits angiogenesis)

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2
Q

Bevacizumab clinical use

A

Solid tumors: 1. Colorectal 2. Renal

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3
Q

Bevacizumab toxicity

A
  1. Hemorrhage
  2. Blood clots
  3. Impaired wound healing
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4
Q

Vemurafenib mechanism of action

A

Small molecule inhibitor of BRAF oncogene + melanoma

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5
Q

Imatinib toxicity

A

Fluid retention

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6
Q

Imatinib clinical use

A
  1. CML (BCR-ABL)

2. GI stromal tumors (c kit)

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7
Q

Imatinib mechanism of action

A

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor of BCR-ABL (Philadelphia ch) and c-kit (gi stromal tumors)

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8
Q

Rituximab mechanism of action

A

Monoclonal antibody against CD20 (B-cells)

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9
Q

Rituximab toxicity

A

Increased risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

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10
Q

Rituximab clinical use

A
  1. Non-Hodgkin
  2. CLL
  3. RA
  4. ITP
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11
Q

Cisplatin, carboplatin mechanism of action

A

Cross link dna

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12
Q

Cisplatin carboplatin clinical use

A
  1. Testicular ca
  2. bladder ca
  3. Ovary ca
  4. Lung ca
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13
Q

Cisplatin carboplatin toxicity

A
  1. Nephrotoxicity
  2. Ototoxicity
  3. peripheral neuropathy
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14
Q

How to prevent cisplatin or carboplatin associated nephrotoxicity

A

Amifostine (free radical scavenger) chloride (saline) diuresis

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15
Q

Etoposide, tenoposide - mechanism of action

A

Inhibits topoisomerase 2–> dna degradation

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16
Q

Etoposide tenoposide clinical use

A
  1. Solid tumors (testicular, small cell lung)
  2. Lymphoma
  3. Leukemia
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17
Q

Etoposide tenoposide toxicity

A
  1. Myelosuppression
  2. Gi upset
  3. Alopecia
18
Q

Irinotecan, topotecan mechanism of action

A

Inhibit topoisomerase 1 and prevent DNA unwinding and replication

19
Q

Irinotecan clinical use

A

Colon cancer

20
Q

Topotecan clinical use

A
  1. Small cell lung cancer

2. Ovarian

21
Q

Irinotecan, topotecan toxicity

A
  1. Severe myelosuppression

2. Diarrhea

22
Q

Trastuzumab is also called

A

Herceptin

23
Q

Trastuzumab (herceptin) toxicity

A

Cardiotoxicity

24
Q

Trastuzumab (herceptin) clinical use

A

Her2 + breast cancer and gastric cancer

25
Q

Trastuzumab (herceptin) mechanism of action

A

Monoclonal antibody against HER-2 (c-erbB2), a tyrosine kinase receptor. It kills cancer cells that overepress HER-2 by
A. inhibition of HER-2-initiated cellular signaling
B. Antibody depended cytotoxicity

26
Q

2 SERMs

A
  1. Tamoxifen

2. Raloxifene

27
Q

SERMs (tamoxifen, raloxifene) clinical

A

Tamoxifen: breast cancer treatment
Raloxifene: prevent osteoporosis
Both: breast cancer prevention

28
Q

Tamoxifen, raloxifene toxicity

A

Tamoxifen: 1. partial agonist in endometrium which increases the risk of endometrial cancer
Raloxifene: no increase in endometrial ca (antagonist in endometrial estrogen receptor)
both increases the risk of thromboembolic events and hot flashes

29
Q

Prednisone, prednisolone mechanism of action

A

Various….1. Bind intracytoplasmic receptor 2. Alter gene transcription

30
Q

Prednisone, prednisolone clinical use

A

A. Most commonly used glucocorticoids in cancer chemotherapy 1. CLL 2. Non-Hodgkin (part of combination)
B. Immunosuppressants (eg. Autoimmune disease)

31
Q

Prednisone, prednisolone toxicity

A

Cushing-like, weight gain, central obesity, muscle break down, cataracts, acne, osteoporosis, hypertension, peptic ulcer, hyperglycemia, psychosis

32
Q

cancer drugs that acts on S and G2

A

etoposide, tenoposide, irinotecan, topotecan

33
Q

cancer drugs that acts only on S phase

A

antimetabolites

34
Q

cancer drugs that act on G2

A

bleomycin

35
Q

cancer drugs that acts on M phase

A

microtubule inhibitors

36
Q

Cell cycle independent drugs

A

Platinum agents

Alkylating agents

37
Q

hematologic drugs that are teratogenic

A
  1. alkylating angents

2. warfarin

38
Q

Cetuximab - mechanism of action

A

Monoclonal antibody against EGFR

39
Q

Cetuximab - clinical use

A
  1. stage IV CRC (wild-typeKRAS)

2. head and neck cancer

40
Q

Cetuximab - adverse effects

A
  1. rash
  2. elevated LFTs
  3. Diarrhea

Hematology And Oncology (21 decks)

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