MSK Disorders Flashcards
UMN characteristics
-lesion site: cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, brainstem, SC
-plegias
-mus tone: spasticity, rigidity
-sensory loss: cortical sensations
-EMG: norm nerve conduction, decreased interference pattern and firing rate
LMN characteristics
-lesion site: anterior horn cell, n roots, peripheral n’s, neuromuscular jct
-mus weakness: myo/neuropathy
-mus tone: hypotonia
-sensory loss: peripheral sensations
-EMG: abnormal, lg motor units
Spasms characteristics
-involuntary mus contractions
-etiology: peripheral, mus sprain, n compression
-symptoms: jerks, twitches, cramps
-causes: mus pain, fibromyalgia, sciatica, herniated disc
Spasticity characteristics
-velocity dependent
-etiology: central, disorder of UMN
-symps: stiffness, hypertonicity, hyperreflexia
-causes: MS, cerebral palsy, SCI, TBI, stroke
Key neurological disorders associated w/ spasticity
MS, stroke, CP, SCI, TBI, neurodegenerative diseases
What are skeletal muscle relaxants
anti-spasticity or antispasmodic agents
Baclofen MOA and administration
GABA agonist, facilitates spinal inhibition of motor neurons
-taken orally or administered directly into the spinal fluid
Baclofen AE
-drowsiness (goes away in few days)
-sometimes confusion and hallucinations
-nausea, nm weakness, headache
Cyclobenzaprine MOA
poorly understood inhibition of mus stx reflex in SC
Cyclobenzaprine AE
-drowsiness, dizziness
-nausea, lightheadedness, vertigo, ataxia, headache
-tolerance and physical dependence
Dantrolene MOA and administration
inhibits release of calcium from skeletal mus sarcoplasmic reticulum
IV, oral
Dantrolene AE
-generalized mus weakness most common
-severe hepatotoxicity and fatal hepatitis
-use
Diazepam MOA
facilitates GABAergic transmission in CNS; relaxes mus
Diazepam AE
-sedation
-sudden withdrawal causes seizures, anxiety, agitation, tachycardia, death
-OD -> coma, death
Tizanidine MOA and administration
Alpha 2 - adrenoreceptor agonist in SC; pre and post synaptic inhibition of reflex motor output
Admin?
Tizanidine AE
-sedation, dizziness, dry mouth
-less general weakness than baclofen or diazepam
Metaxalone MOA and administration
Antimuscarinic effect
Same administration as cyclo
Botulinum toxin MOA and administration (not on study guide)
Relaxes muc
Injection
Spasticity drugs
Baclofen, dantrolene, diazepam, gabapentin, tizanide
Spasmolytics
Carisoprodol, cyclobenzaprine, methocarbamol, orphenadrine
