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561 > Coagulation And Hyperlipidemia Drugs > Flashcards

Coagulation And Hyperlipidemia Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamin K antagonist - anticoagulant/anti-platelet, example and MOA

A

Anticoagulant

Ex. Warfarin (Coumadin)

Inhibits vitamin K dependent clotting factors

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2
Q

Vitamin K antagonist - clinical utility, SE

A

Clinical: a-fib, DVT/PE prevention and tx, valve replacement

SE: bleeding, skin necrosis (rare), teratogenic

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3
Q

Direct thrombin inhibitors - anticoagulant/anti-platelet, example, MOA

A

Anticoagulant

Dabigatran (Pradaxa)

MOA: inhibits thrombin directly

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4
Q

Dabigatran - clinical utility, SE

A

Clinical: a-fib, DVT/PE tx

SE: bleeding, GI symptoms

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5
Q

Factor Xa inhibitors - anticoagulant/anti-platelet, examples, MOA

A

Anticoagulant

Apixaban, rivaroxaban, edoxaban

MOA: inhibit factor Xa, preventing prothrombin conversion to thrombin

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6
Q

Factor Xa inhibitors - clinical utility, SE

A

Clinical: a-fib, DVT/PE prevention and tx

SE: bleeding, elevated liver enzymes

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7
Q

Heparins - anticoagulant/anti-platelet, examples, MOA

A

Anticoagulant

Heparin, enoxaparin (lovenox)

Enhance activity of antithrombin, inhibiting thrombin and Factor Xa

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8
Q

Heparins - clinical utility, SE

A

DVT/PE tx, ACS, during PCI

SE: Bleeding, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)

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9
Q

Salicylates - anticoagulant/anti-platelet, examples, MOA

A

Antiplatelet

Aspirin

Irreversibly inhibit COX-1, reducing thromboxane A2 production leading to decreased platelet aggregation

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10
Q

Salicylates - Clinical utility, SE

A

ACS, stroke/TIA prevention, post-PCI

SE: bleeding, gastric ulceration, tinnitus

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11
Q

P2Y12 receptor inhibitors - anticoagulant/anti-platelet, examples, MOA

A

Antiplatelet

Clopidogrel (plavix), prasugrel (effient), ticagrelor (brilinta)

Inhibits platelet P2Y12 ADP receptor reducing platelet activation and aggregation

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12
Q

P2Y12 receptors inhibitors - clinical utility, SE

A

ACS, post-PCI

SE: bleeding, dyspnea (ticagrelor)

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13
Q

Thrombolytics - examples, MOA

A

Alteplase (tPA), reteplase, streptokinase, tenecteplase

Activate plasminogen to plasmin, which digests fibrin and dissolves clots

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14
Q

Thrombolytics - clinical utility, SE

A

Acute MI, acute ischemic stroke, acute massive PE

SE: bleeding (including intracranial hemorrhage), allergic reactions (streptokinase)

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15
Q

4 main indications for anticoagulation therapy
Main adverse effect

A

Indications: DVT, PE, atrial fibrillation, MI

AE: bleeding

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16
Q

Statins - examples, MOA

A

Atorvastatin, simvastatin, Rosuvastatin

MOA: inhibits HMG-CoA reductive, the enzyme responsible for cholesterol synthesis in the liver

17
Q

Statins - Clinical indications, SE

A

Primary hyperlipidemia, CAD prevention

SE: myalgia, increased liver enzymes, rhabdomyolysis (rare)

18
Q

Bile acid sequestrants - examples, MOA

A

Cholestyramine, colestipol, colesevelam

Bind bile acids in the intestines, promoting their excretion and reducing circulating cholesterol

19
Q

Bile acid sequestrants - clinical indications, SE

A

Hypercholesterolemia

SE: constipation, bloating, indigestion

20
Q

Cholesterol absorption inhibitors - examples, MOA

A

Ezetimibe

Inhibits cholesterol, absorption in small intestine

21
Q

Cholesterol absorption inhibitors - clinical indications, SE

A

Hypercholesterolemia, often in combination with statins

SE: diarrhea, joint pain, sinusitis

22
Q

PCSK9 inhibitors - examples, MOA

A

Evolocumab, alirocumab

MOA: monoclonal antibodies that inhibit PCSK9, increasing LDL receptor availability and reducing LDL cholesterol

23
Q

PCSK9 inhibitors - clinical indications, SE

A

HeFH, ASCVD requiring additional LDL-C lowering

SE: nasopharyngitis, injection site reactions

24
Q

Fibrates - examples, MOA

A

Fenofibrate, gemfibrozil

MOA: activate PPAR alpha, reducing triglyceride synthesis and enhancing triglyceride clearance

25
Q

Fibrates - clinical indications, SE

A

Hypertriglyceridemia, mixed dyslipidemia

SE: dyspepsia, gallstones, myopathy (when combined with statins)

26
Q

Omega-3 fatty acids - examples, MOA

A

Fish oil, icosapent ethyl

MOA: reduce hepatic triglyceride production and increase triglyceride clearance

27
Q

Omega-3 fatty acids - clinical indications, SE

A

Hypertriglyceridemia

SE: fishy aftertaste, diarrhea, nausea

28
Q

Niacin - examples, MOA

A

Nicotinic acid

Reduces free fatty acid release, decreases VLDL and LDL synthesis, raises HDL levels

29
Q

Niacin - clinical indications, SE

A

Hypercholesterolemia, mixed dyslipidemia

SE: flushing, itching, elevated glucose levels

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