MSK Flashcards
Compartment syndrome, gout, GB, MG, Osteoporosis, PK dz, SCI
S+S of compartment syndrome
7 Ps
Paresthesia
Pain
Pallor
Pressure
Pulselessness
Poikilothermia
Tx of compartment syndrome
Limb at level of heart
Remove cast or tight dressing
Possible emergency fasciotomy
S+S at exposed site
Capillary refill and bilateral pulses
ROM exercises
Gout risk factors
Metabolic syndrome (obesity, DM, hyperlipidemia)
High-protein, high-fat diet
Excessive alcohol intake
Diuretic therapy
Polycythemia vera
Gout S+S
Severe pain
Joint warmth
Redness
Swelling
Possible fever
Nursing interventions of gout (acute)
NSAIDs
Colchicine
Elevate involved limb
Immobilize joint
Apply ice
Avoid pressure or touching bed or clothing
Nursing interventions of chronic gout
Allopurinol (avoid during acute exacerbations)
Avoid high purine foods (organ meats, wines, aged cheese)
Encourage weight reduction if obese
Avoid alcohol consumption
Patho of guillain-barre syndrome
Acute, immune-related polyneuropathy -> segmental demyelination and axonal damage
Commonly follows respiratory/GI infx
Life-threatening risk for respiratory failure
GB S+S
Symmetric, ascending muscle weakness
Diminished DTRs
Parethesias
Back pain
Urinary retention/ileus
Autonomic cardiovascular instability (tachycardia, dysrhythmias, BP changes)
Respiratory failure
Dysphagia
Tx of GB
Supportive
Continuous cardiac monitoring
Resuscitative equipment available
Reposition every 2 hrs
SCDs to legs
Myasthenia gravis patho
Antibodies attack acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junction
Impaired nerve impulse conduction -> progressive muscle weakness
MG S+S
Fluctuating skeletal muscle weakness
Fatigue
Ptosis, diplopia
Weakness is worse w/ exertion and later in day
Symptom exacerbation w/ MG
Stress
Infx
Temp changes
Meds (fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, magnesium sulfate)
Nursing interventions for MG
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (pyridostigmine)
Diet recs to conserve energy: semi-solid foods, take med before meal
Relaxation and stress-reduction
Flu and pneumococcal vaxx
Plan ADL in morning
Myasthenic crisis and tx
Severe oropharyngeal and respiratory muscle weakness - impaired swallowing, difficulty breathing
Intubation may be required
Semi-Fowler position
Administer corticosteroids
Prepare for plasmapheresis or IV immunoglobin
Osteoporosis risk factors
Age
Postmenopausal status
Low body weight - thin, small stature
Smoking
Excessive alcohol intake
Sedentary lifestyle
Complications of osteoporosis
Kyphosis (hunchback)
Meds for osteoporosis
Meds: vitamin D, calcium carbonate, bisphosphonates
Diet: rich in calcium and vitamin D
Adequate sun
Smoking cessation
Limit alcohol
Frequent weight-bearing exercises
Fall prevention
Repeat bone density scans
Patho of PK dz
Degeneration of dopamine, uncontrolled activity of acetylcholine
Meds for PK dz
Carbidopa/Levodopa
Nursing interventions for spinal cord injury
Maintain spinal alignment and immobilization: cervical collar, log-roll technique, avoid twisting torso
Respiratory: prepare for intubation
Cardiac: prepare to administer IV fluids for neurogenic shock
Turn every 2 hrs
Intermittent cath, bowel training
DVT ppx
Sprain tx
RICE
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
GB vs. MG
GB: ascending and symmetrical, pain, respiratory, motor nerves, acute, tx is IVIG or plasmapheresis (for crisis)
MG: eyes and central nerves, neuromuscular junction, chronic, tx is Anticholinesterases (pyridostigmine)
