Electrolytes + Fluids Flashcards
For Kalemia (low and high), expect what relation with S+S?
Do the same as prefix except HR and urine output
For Calcemia (high and low), expect what relation with S+S?
Do oppposite
For Magnesemia (low and high), expect what relation with S+S?
Do the opposite
Trosseau’s sign is part of what electrolyte and what is it?
Hand spasms; hypocalcemia
Chvostek’s sign is part of what electrolyte and what is it?
Face spasms; hypocalcemia
Skeletal and nerve = what electrolyte?
Calcium
To lower potassium, what medication should be given?
D5W with regular insulin and Kayexalate (sodium polystyrene)
Hypertonic
High numbers
Used for: cerebral edema, hyponatremia, metabolic alkalosis, hypovolemia
Isotonic
0.9% NaCl/LR
Used for: blood loss, dehydration
Hypotonic
0.45% NaCl or D5Ws
Used for: DKA, helps kidney excrete excess fluids, hypernatremia
Hypovolemia =
Dehydration
High sodium
Hypervolemia =
Fluid overload
Low sodium
S+S of dehydration
Tachycardia
Postural hypotension (decreased BP)
Dry mucous membranes and poor skin turgor
Flat neck and hand veins
Decreased urine output
Weight loss
Confusion and lethargy
Increased hematocrit due to hemoconcentration from fluid loss
Increased urine specific gravity = high concentration of urine due to fluid loss
Increased BUN due to low urine output and renal accumulation of waste products
PTH relationship w/ calcium
Direct relationship
Increased PTH = _____ calcium
What SE
Increased calcium
Muscle weakness
Fatigue
Constipation
Bone pain
