Artery and Vein Flashcards
CVI, DVT, PAD, PVD
Patho of Chronic Venous Insuffiency
Incompetent venous valves -> retrograde blood flow -> high venous pressure -> varicose veins -> edema -> ulceration
Risk factors of CVI
Prolonged standing
DVT
Obesity
S+S of CVI
Dependent edema
Reddish-brown skin
Thick, leathery skin
Complications of CVI
CVI ulcers - medial malleolus
Secondary infx
Education for CVI
Avoid prolonged sitting/standing
Elevate legs
Compression socks
Take walks daily
Nursing interventions of CVI
Promote wound healing: diet, control BG, and remove necrotic tissue
Monitor for infx
Patho of Deep Vein Thrombosis
Blood clot becomes lodged in deep veins (lower extremities)
Diminished/blocked blood flow causes inflammation and edema
Risk factors of DVT
Old age
Immobility
Obesity
Oral contraceptives
Pregnancy
Surgery
Fractures
Malignancy
S+S of DVT
Unilateral edema, pain, redness, warmth
Dx of DVT
d-dimer
Venous doppler ultrasound
Nursing interventions of DVT
Avoid crossing legs or placing pillows behind knees
Leg exercises
Change positions
Take walks
Compression socks
Take anticoagulants
Patho of Peripheral Artery Disease
Narrowing of arteries due to atherosclerosis
Results in decreased peripheral tissue perfusion
Risk factors of PAD
HTN
Smoking
DM
Obesity
Hyperlipidemia
Age
S+S of PAD
Intermittent claudication
Cool, dry, shiny skin
Loss of hair
Decreased palpable pulses
Delayed capillary refill
W/o intervention, PAD progresses to
Ischemic pain at rest
Non-healing ulcers and gangrene
Tissue necrosis
