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NCLEX > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

Angina, HF, MI, CAD, pericarditis

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1
Q

Chronic stable angina occurs with…

A

Exertion, stress, or emotional upset

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2
Q

Can chronic stable angina be relieved? If so, how?

A

Rest or NG

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3
Q

Unstable angina occurs…

A

At rest or minimal exertion

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4
Q

Can unstable angina be relieved? If so, how?

A

May not be relieved w/ NG

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5
Q

Variant angina

A

Can occur at rest or during sleep

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6
Q

Variant angina interventions

A

SL NG or light exercise

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7
Q

S+S of right HF

A

Distended neck veins
Hepatomegaly
Ascites
Peripheral edema
Weight gain

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8
Q

S+S of left HF

A

Dyspnea, orthopnea, PND
Cough w/ pink, frothy sputum
Crackles, rales
Weakness and fatigue
Cold, clammy skin
Weight gain

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9
Q

Nursing interventions for acute HF

A

High Fowler position
Oxygen
Loop diuretics
Strict I+O

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10
Q

Meds for HF

A

Diuretics: reduce preload
BB: to reduce cardiac workload
ACE inhibitors: to reduce afterload (BP)
Digoxin: to increase cardiac contractility

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11
Q

Patho of MI

A

Sudden rupture of unstable plaque -> thrombus in coronary artery -> ischemia and cardiac cell death

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12
Q

S+S of MI

A

Chest pain
Anxiety
Feeling of impending doom
EKG changes: ST depression, ST elevation

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13
Q

Difference between ST depression and ST elevation

A

ST depression: partial thrombotic obstruction
ST elevation: total

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14
Q

Tx of MI

A

Aspirin
SL NG
Morphine
Oxygen
BB prescribed AFTER MI
Anticoagulants
Statin
PCI
t-PA

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15
Q

PCI

A

First-line tx
Involves: thrombus retrieval, angioplasty, coronary artery stent placement
Perform w/in 90 min

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16
Q

CABG

A

Rerouting myocardial blood flow around blocked coronary arteries

17
Q

Nursing interventions of MI

A

Semi-Fowler position
Bed rest
Assess distal peripheral pulses and skin temp

18
Q

Pericarditis causes

A

Autoimmune dz
Viral or idiopathic
Renal failure
Following MI

19
Q

Patho of pericarditis

A

Fluid accumulation -> pericardial effusion -> cardiac tamponade

20
Q

S+S of pericarditis

A

Pleuritic chest pain
Pericardial friction rub
Systemic symptoms

21
Q

Interventions for pericarditis

A

Encourage to lean forward
Monitor for melena

22
Q

Meds for pericarditis

A

Colchicine (anti-inflammatory)
NSAIDs

23
Q

Signs of cardiac tamponade

A

Muffled heart sounds
Hypotension

24
Q

Patho of CAD

A

Narrowing of coronary arteries due to buildup of hardened fat deposits (plaques)
Impaired blood supply to heart -> tissue ischemia and necrosis (MI)

25
Q

Dx of CAD

A

EKG
Stress cardiac testing
Cardiac catheterization
Lipid levels

26
Q

Meds for CAD

A

Antiplatelets
Nitrates
Cholesterol-lowering meds
BB
ACE inhibitors
CCB

27
Q

Thrombolytic agents CI

A

Active bleeding
Recent trauma
Hx of hemorrhagic stroke
Recent surgery
Uncontrolled HTN
(BP > 180/110)

28
Q

CABG teaching

A

Report any redness, swelling, warmth, or drainage from incisions
Wash incisions daily w/ soap and water in shower and gently pat them dry
Wear elastic compression hose on legs and elevate while sitting

29
Q

For interventions following CABG

A

Cover w/ warming blanket, increasing room temp, using warmed IV fluids
Monitor BP via arterial line
Notify HCP > 100 mL/hr

30
Q

Assess for pulsus paradoxus

A

Measure difference b/w Korotkoff sounds auscultated during expiration and throughout respiratory cycle

Place a blood pressure cuff on the patients arm and very very slowly deflate the cuff while listening for brachial pulsations

31
Q

ICD insertion teaching

A

Refrain from lifting affected arm above shoulder until approved by HCP to prevent dislodgement of lead wire on endocardium

32
Q

Cardiac cath includes what?

A

IV iodinated contrast

33
Q

Cardiac cauterization teaching

A

Increase fluid intake: promote clearance of IV contrast
Keep leg straight for 4 hrs
Anticoagulants prescription

34
Q

Complications of IV iodinated contrast (cardiac cath)

A

Allergic rxn
Lactic acidosis
Contrast-induced neuropathy

35
Q

Endocarditis S+S

A

Stroke
Septic pulmonary emboli
Kidney infarction and hematuria
Splinter hemorrhage
Petechiae
Splenic infx
Pallor and ischemia = report

36
Q

tPA CI

A

After 3.5-4.5 hr from onset of S+S
Recent major hx
Hemorrhagic stroke
Head trauma (recent)
Severe HTN (>185/110)
Coagulation disorders

37
Q

Pt reports HA when taking NG…

A

Administer acetaminophen

38
Q

S3 indicates

A

HF

NCLEX (40 decks)

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