MSK Flashcards
What is the initial cell types involved in the two types of ossification?
Endochondral ossification - Chondrocytes
Intermembranous ossification - Mesenchymal stem cells
At what age do limbs start to develop?
4 weeks
An x-ray shows trabeculae, what stage of fracture healing is this?
Lamellar bone formation
Which imaging technique for metastatic cancer?
Nuclear imaging
Where would an avulsion fracture be seen with a hamstring tear?
Ischial tuberosity
What are the nerve roots of the nerve supplying gluteus maximus?
L5, S1, S2 (inferior gluteal nerve)
Which region of the tibia does the ACL insert on?
Anteromedial
(ACL close to MCL & medial meniscus)
Which muscles insert at the ‘pes anserinus’ (medial proximal tibia)?
Sartorius
Gracillis
semiTendinosus
(Say Grace before Tea)
Which muscles should be strengthened to prevent further patellar dislocations?
Vastus medialis
Where is the pre-patellar bursa?
House-maids knee
Slightly superior to patella as leaning forward
Which structure lies anterior to the poster tibial artery
Flexor digitorum longus tendon
Tom (Tibialis posterior)
Dick (flexor Digitorum longus)
And (posterior tibial Artery)
Very (posterior tibial Vein)
Nervous (tibial Nerve)
Harry (flexor Hallucis longus)
[ant to post]
Which nerve effected with a disc herniation below L5?
L5/S1
So S1 nerve root
A patient has foot drop, where is his disc herniation?
L3/L4
A woman has pain/paresthesia radiating from her back to sole of foot, what’s the diagnosis?
Sciatica to S1 dermatome
A woman can dorsiflex her ankle but cannot plantarflex or great toe extend, what is her neural level?
L4
Where is L3?
Anterior knee ( knee - three)
Swollen knee after tiling floor, diagnosis?
Pre-patellar bursitis
A patient is unable to evert his foot, what nerve is damaged?
Superficial fibular nerve
What function will a patient lose with a popliteal aneurysm compressing the tibial nerve?
Plantarflextion (P - Post)
Where do you find the dorsalis pedis pulse?
Between extensor hallucis longus tendon and extensor digitorum longus tendon to the 2nd toe
Nerve consequence of fibula fracture?
Common fibular nerve (wraps around fibula)
Unable to dorsiflex
Whats the sensory function of the saphenous nerve?
Medial leg & medial malleolus
Where does the sciatic nerve exit the pelvis?
Greater sciatic foramen
What artery accompanies the sciatic nerve exiting through the greater sciatic foramen?
Inferior gluteal artery
How will the patient present with a sciatic nerve injury just as it exits the pelvis?
Hip flexion - present
Hip extension - Weak (hamstrings not working, glut maximus ok though)
Knee flexion - absent
Dorsiflexion - absent
A nerve is completely severed through the epineurium, perineurium and endoneurium - what’s the term for this called?
Neurotmesis
What’s a traumatic neuroma?
A disordered proliferation of axons resulting in a tangled mass
Can get a nodule or pain
What forms the anterior border of the axilla?
Pec major
At what anatomical region does the axillary artery begin?
Border of the first rib
Weakened internal rotation of the shoulder, which rotator cuff muscle is torn?
Subscapularis
Which artery is at risk in a surgical neck of humerus fracture?
Posterior circumflex humoral artery
At what joint does biceps brachii supinate?
Proximal radioulnar joint
What forms the lateral aspect of the cubital tunnel?
Olecranon
What nerve is at risk with a humoral supracondylar fracture?
Median nerve
Which structure is most medial in the cubital fossa?
Median Nerve
Really Need (Radial nerve)
Beer To (Biceps Tendon)
Be At (Brachial artery)
My Nicest (Median nerve)
[lat to medial]
What forms the medial border of the anatomical snuffbox?
Extensor pollicus longus
Function of the flexor digitorum supericialis?
Flexion of PIP
Lumbricals function?
Lumbricals 1+2 - lateral fingers
3+4 - medial fingers
Flex MCP and extends PIP/DIP
How would you asses the anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve of a child?
Get them to make an OK sign
Where is the radial and ulnar pulse palpated?
Radial pulse = lateral to flexor carpi radialis
Ulnar pulse = lateral to flexor ulnari radialis
Where would you see a ‘fat pad’ sign on x-ray?
Radial head/neck
