Metabolism Flashcards
What pathway is an important source of NAPDH in RBCs?
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
Which phosphate group is hydrolysed in ATP?
Y-phosphate (gamma)
What monosaccharides make up Sucrose?
Glucose-Fructose
What monosaccharides make up Maltose?
Glucose-Glucose
Name one products of the krebs cycle?
2 x NADH
FADH2
What proportion of people will a vitamin be sufficient for at the Lower Reference Nutrient Intake? (LRNI)
2.5%
Which molecule can be used to rapidly replenish ATP from ADP for rapid exercise?
Phosphocreatine
What are the daily electrolyte/water requirements?
Electrolytes (Na/K/Cl) = 1 mmol/kg/day
Water = 30 ml/kg/day
Name the essential amino acids?
Arginine (Any)
Histidine (Help)
Isoleucine (In)
Leucine (Learning)
Threonine (This)
Lysine (List)
Methionine (May)
Phenylalanine (Prove)
Tryptophan (Truly)
Valine (Valuable)
What is the energy requirement for a 70kg man?
12,000 Kj/day
What causes pellagra and what are it’s symptoms?
Deficiency of Niacin
(peeling, redness and scaling of sun exposed areas)
What is the function of ALT?
Converts alanine to glutamate
Which keto acid is most used in transamination reactions to produce glutamate?
a-ketoglutarate
Which enzyme converts glycerol to glycerol phosphate?
Glycerol kinase
What effect does glucagon have on glycogen synthase?
Decreased activity (less glycogen synthesis)
Which metabolite would inhibit the carnitine shuttle?
Malonyl-CoA
Disulphide bonds can form between the residues of what amino acid?
Cysteine
Which protein facilitates the transfer of cholesterol to HDL?
ABCA 1
Triglycerides reactions in order?
- B oxidation
- TCA Cycle
- Oxidative phosphorylation
How many carbons are removed in each B oxidation cycle?
2
What are the 2 major enzymes in gluconeogenesis?
PEPCK
Fructose 1,6-biphosphatase
What is the difference between homocystine and homocystiene?
Homocystine is the oxidised form of homocystiene
What does a deamination reaction produce?
Free ammonia
What effect does insulin have on proteolysis?
Decreased proteolysis
What enzyme converts H2O2 to H2O and O2?
Catalase
How does PKU effect normal brain development?
Saturation of the Large Neutral Amino Acid Transporter by phenylalanine limits neurotransmitter synthesis
What part of the body contains the most glycogen?
Skeletal muscle
(2nd - liver)
Which metabolite is produced when ethanol to acetate?
NADH
What effect does insulin have on Acetyl-CoA carboxylase?
Increased activity
(converts acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis)
