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examplify quizzes > CNS > Flashcards

CNS Flashcards

1
Q

What is a different name for the cerebral peduncles?

A

Crus cerebri

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2
Q

Do the cerebral peduncles contain motor or sensory firbres?

A

Motor ONLY

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3
Q

Loss of sensory modalities in left T3
Loss of spinothalamic from T4 down on the right
Loss of dorsal coloumn from T4 down on the left

A

Left side of the T3 cord segment
(Brown-sequard syndrome)
Loss of sensory on contralateral
loss of DC below contralateral
loss of spInothalamic Ipsilateral

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4
Q

Why would a patient feel no pain in his leg after a car crash?

A

Increased activation of enkephalinergic neurones in the spinal cord

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5
Q

How might damage to the thalamus affect movement?

A

Decreased movement

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6
Q

In the internal capsule where will the fibres of the lower limb be found?

A

Posterior limb

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7
Q

Why would a stroke affecting the lateral aspect of the motor cortex affect swallowing?

A

Denervation of the cranial nerve nuclei which distribute LMNs in the vagus nerve

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8
Q

Which structure in the midbrain is important for motor control?

A

Red nucleus

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9
Q

Which brain structure is crucial for consolidation of implicit memory?

A

Cerebellum (non-declarative)

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10
Q

Which epilepsy would describe a boy who ‘stops paying attention/zones out’ before continuing where he left off?

A

Petit mal/Absence seizure

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11
Q

A rapid onset of dementia in young people is suggestive of what?

A

Prion disease

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12
Q

Occlusion of the proximal portion of the superior cerebellar artery may lead to damage to which other structure?

A

Midbrain

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13
Q

Which artery is effected with a ‘right homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing’?

A

Left posterior cerebral artery
(MCA backup for macula)

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14
Q

What effect will deep brain stimulation have on OCD patients?

A

Increased excitation of GPi and Substatia nigra reducing cortical avtivation
Inhibiting re-entrant loops

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15
Q

Where do you find the most D2 receptors?

A
  1. Substantia nigra
  2. Striatum
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16
Q

What type of schizophrenia presents with inappropriate laughter, thought disorder and child-like behaviour?

A

Hebephrenic schizophrenia

17
Q

Which is not recommended for long term use in the management of anxiety?

A

Benzodiazaepines
(addictive and severe side effects)

18
Q

The raphe nuclei produces which neurotransmitter?

A

Seretonin (5-HT)

19
Q

Internuclear opthalmoplegia can be caused by damage to which pathway?

A

Medial longitudinal Fasciculus
(coordinates eye movements)

20
Q

What is Brown-Sequard syndrome and how does it present?

A

Hemisection of cord destroyed
Loss of ipsilateral dermatome
Loss of DC modalities below CONTRALATERALLY
Loss of spinothalamic modalities below IPSILATERALLY

21
Q

A seizure in which lobe could cause olfactory hallucinations?

A

Temporal lobe
(contains the primary olfactory cortex)

22
Q

Which nerve runs parallel to posterior communicating artery?

A

CN III
(aneurysm here will cause CN III palsy)

23
Q

What is the prevalence of OCD?

A

2%

24
Q

Which lobe causes a superior or inferior homonymous quadrantanopia?

A

Superior - temoral
Inferior - parietal
(OPPOSITES)

25
Q

Which part of the ventricular system is deep to the cerebellum?

A

Fourth ventricle

26
Q

A woman presents with a widely dilated pupil, where is the problem?

A

Oculomotor nerve

27
Q

Where does the facial nerve leave the skull?

A

Through the stylomastoid foramen

28
Q

Why would a patient have DC modalities lost in one side of body and ST loss in other side?

A

DC ispilateral - decussate at medulla
ST contralateral - 2nd order neurones decussate at level of 1st order neurone

29
Q

Why would ST loss appear lower than DC?

A

ST has Lissauer’s tract (axons can ascend 2 segments before synapsing on second order neurone)

30
Q

If somebody has increased movement on R side of body, which basal ganglia is injured?

A

L side - L basal ganglia regulates L motor cortex which controls R side of body

31
Q

Where does the CN III & CN VI nucleus sit?

A

CN III nucleus - Midbrain
CN VI - Pons

32
Q

Where will the motor loss be after a L sided cord destruction?

A

R SIDED

33
Q

What maneuver can be used to help elicit a patella reflux?

A

Jendrassik Manoever (trying to pull fingers apart)

34
Q

What nuclei make up the striatum?

A

Caudate and Putamen

35
Q

What nuclei make up the lentiform nucleus?

A

Globus palldus and Putamen

36
Q

In which region of the brain is the substantia nigra?

A

Mid brain

37
Q

What specific part of the spinal cord is damaged if spinothalamic modalities are lost?

A

Anterior (Ventral) White commisure

38
Q

What does a +ve Rhomberg’s test show?

A

Sensory ataxia

39
Q

Which tremor and rigidity do you get with Parkinsons?

A

Cog-wheel rigidity
Resting tremor

examplify quizzes (19 decks)

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