Head & Neck Flashcards
Which structures does the pre tracheal and buccopharyngeal fascia envelop?
Thyroid gland
Oesophagus
Infrahyoid muscles (strap muscles)
Larynx
Pharynx
(not SCM or Suprahyoid muscles)
Which muscles are innervated by the facial nerve?
Platysma
Orbicularis oculi
Orbicularis oris
Occipofrontalis
Which nerve innervates temporalis?
Trigeminal nerve (muscle of mastication)
What are the muscles of mastication
Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid
What are the branches of the ECA?
Superficial temporal
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual artery
Facial artery
Occipital artery
Posterior auricular
Maxillary
Superior thyroid
Which structures does the ICA pass through extracranially?
Petrous part of the temporal bone
Carotid canal
Carotid sheath
Which in the adult skull relates to the site of the anterior fontanelle in the infant skull?
Bregma
What sits directly below the superior sagittal sinus?
Falx cerebri
What dural venous sinus is found within the middle cranial fossa?
Cavernous sinus
What does the forebrain consist of?
Cerebrum (lobes and their associated cortex)
Diencephalon (hypothalamus and thalamus)
Which signs may develop with a cavernous sinus thrombosis?
Ptosis
Diplopia
Oribital oedema
What are emissary veins?
Connect scalp veins in the dense connective tissue to dural venous sinuses
What can bleeding within the loose connective tissue cause?
Periorbital eccymoses
Where do the blood vessels supplying the scalp run?
Superficial to the epicranial aponeurosis
What are the parasympathetic functions of the oculomotor nerve?
Innervation of the sphincter pupillae
Innervation of the cillary body
What structures do you find in the hindbrain?
Pons
Medulla
Cerebellum
What 2 CN are involved in the corneal reflex?
CN Va - afferent
CN VII - efferent
How will a patient present with a facial nerve lesion?
Altered taste
Difficulty closing the eye
Dry mouth
The muscles found within the eyelid receive innervation from which nerves?
Sympathetic nerves
Facial nerves
Oculomotor nerve
Give the functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
Parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland
Sensory to the middle ear
Sensory from the carotid body and sinus
Motor to stylopharyngeus
Which structures does the conjunctiva line?
Upper and lower eyelid
Sclera
Which structures does the conjunctiva not line?
Lens and cornea
Which nerves carry general somatic sensation from the external ear?
Cervical nerve (C2)
Mandibular Division of CN V
CN X
What are the functions of the vagus nerve ?
Motor to the larynx
Motor to the pharynx
Motor to the soft palate
Parasympathetic innervation to the stomach muscles
Parasympathetic innervation to the heart
How should the pinna be moved when performing otoscopy and why?
Pulled backwards and up
(straightens the external acoustic meatus)
What microorganisms are most likely to cause otitis externa?
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (most common)
- Haemophilus Influenza
What bone would a surgeon need to drill through to gain access to a prolactinoma?
Sphenoid
What drains tears from the conjuctival sac directly into the nasal cavity?
Nasolacrimal duct
What structures lie directly next to the nasal cavity?
Anterior cranial fossa
Lacrimal apparatus (so eye/orbit)
Paranasal air sinuses
Nasopharynx
Which bones form the roof of the nasal cavity?
Nasal
Spheniod
Frontal
Cribriform plate of the ethmoid
Which bones form the medial wall of the nasal cavity?
Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid
Vomer
The mucosa lining the INFRAGLOTTIS is innervated by which nerve?
Recurent Laryngeal Nerve
The thyroid isthmus crosses over the resp tract at what level?
Tracheal rings
The mucosa lining the supraglottis is innervated by which nerve?
Internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
