MS: foot/ankle and spine

Question 1

Windlass effect

Answer 1

Plantar fascia tightens with MTP dorsiflexion.

Leads to supination of calcaneus and inversion.

Creates rigid lever for pushoff

Question 2

Which way does the talus rotate during plantarflexion

Answer 2

medially

Question 3

What is the axis of the subtalar joint

Answer 3

From posterior, plantar and lateral to anterior dorsal and medial

Question 4

Rule of 3 for thoracic spine

Answer 4

T1-3 spinous processes are level with TP

T4-6 SP are 1/2 level below TP

T7-9 SP are 1 level below

T10 full level below

T11 1/2 level below

T12 are even

Question 5

What motion occurs at AO joint?

Answer 5

Nodding. “yes”

Question 6

What motion occurs at AA joint

Answer 6

Rotation. “no”

Question 7

What percent of annulus fibrosis is water?

Answer 7

65%

Question 8

Which part of the disc is innervated?

Answer 8

outer 1/3 of annulus fibrosis

Question 9

What percentage of nucleus pulposis is water

Answer 9

70-90%

Question 10

Does the nucleus pulposis have innervation or blood flow

Answer 10

no

Question 11

At what level does the spinal cord end?

Answer 11

L1-L2 disc

Question 12

During rotation of cervical vertebrae, which facets close

Answer 12

Ipsilateral

Question 13

During sidebending of cervical vertebrae, which facets close

Answer 13

Ipsilateral

Question 14

During rotation of cervical vertebrae, which facets open

Answer 14

contralateral

Question 15

During rotation of lumbar spine, which facets close

Answer 15

contralateral

Question 16

during rotation of lumbar spine, which facets open

Answer 16

ipsilateral

Question 17

What occurs during nutation

Answer 17

Flexion of sacrum, posterior rotation of ilium

Question 18

What occurs during counternutation

Answer 18

extension of sacrum, anterior rotation of ilium

Question 19

With flexion of lumbar spine, what will occur at SIJ

Answer 19

anterior rotation

Question 20

Which rotation is coupled with cervical SB

Answer 20

Ipsilateral for C2-7

With occipital SB, C1 rotates opposite

Question 21

During lumbar/thoracic SB (in neutral), what rotation will occur

Answer 21

Contralateral (also contralateral if spine is in extension)

Will be ipsilateral in flexion