MS: foot/ankle and spine Flashcards
Windlass effect
Plantar fascia tightens with MTP dorsiflexion.
Leads to supination of calcaneus and inversion.
Creates rigid lever for pushoff
Which way does the talus rotate during plantarflexion
medially
What is the axis of the subtalar joint
From posterior, plantar and lateral to anterior dorsal and medial
Rule of 3 for thoracic spine
T1-3 spinous processes are level with TP
T4-6 SP are 1/2 level below TP
T7-9 SP are 1 level below
T10 full level below
T11 1/2 level below
T12 are even
What motion occurs at AO joint?
Nodding. “yes”
What motion occurs at AA joint
Rotation. “no”
What percent of annulus fibrosis is water?
65%
Which part of the disc is innervated?
outer 1/3 of annulus fibrosis
What percentage of nucleus pulposis is water
70-90%
Does the nucleus pulposis have innervation or blood flow
no
At what level does the spinal cord end?
L1-L2 disc
During rotation of cervical vertebrae, which facets close
Ipsilateral
During sidebending of cervical vertebrae, which facets close
Ipsilateral
During rotation of cervical vertebrae, which facets open
contralateral
During rotation of lumbar spine, which facets close
contralateral
during rotation of lumbar spine, which facets open
ipsilateral
What occurs during nutation
Flexion of sacrum, posterior rotation of ilium
What occurs during counternutation
extension of sacrum, anterior rotation of ilium
With flexion of lumbar spine, what will occur at SIJ
anterior rotation
Which rotation is coupled with cervical SB
Ipsilateral for C2-7
With occipital SB, C1 rotates opposite
During lumbar/thoracic SB (in neutral), what rotation will occur
Contralateral (also contralateral if spine is in extension)
Will be ipsilateral in flexion
