Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYCH 377 > motor system > Flashcards

motor system Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

the precentral gyrus

A

primary motor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the three main subcortical areas involve din motor control

A

basal ganglia, cerebellum, brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does the motor cortex do

A

plan and initiate movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what do the basal ganglia and cerebellum do

A

coordinate and correct movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does the spinal chord do

A

conducts info to the muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

sequence of events in picking up a coffee cup

A
  1. visual info locates cup
  2. motor cortex plans reach and command movement
  3. spinal chord carries cortex info to hand
  4. motor neurons carry message to muscles
  5. sensory receptors in hand alert when cup is grasped
  6. sensory cortex receives message
  7. basal ganglia judges force required and cerebellum corrects movement errors
  8. spinal chord carries sensory info to the brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which cortex is in charge of goals

A

parietal cortex, takes info from senses and initiates movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which cortex is in charge of planning

A

prefrontal, plans movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

which cortex is in charge of sequencing

A

premotor cortex, coordinates the whole body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which cortex executes

A

primary motor, produces simple movements (not whole body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

organization of the OG homonculus on the somatosensory and motor cortexes

A

head on lateral side of brain, then hand to arm to trunk to leg to feet at the longitudinal fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ethological movement

A

natural movements, innate behaviour movement patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

examples of ethological movements

A

defensive positions, grasping, chewing, licking, reaching

can be generated by stimulation of areas in motor cortex, intensity according to duration of stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what supports the idea of the homonculus being maintained by ethological movements

A

types of movements seem to be clustered in the same area, such as hand and arm being close and causing reaching and grasping movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

do you need sensory info to reach an object

A

yes, both where the goal is located and where your body is in relation to it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

movement lexicon

A

behaviours built by set movement patterns

ethological behaviours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

damage to a cortical area only impairs the corresponding body part or muscle, T/F

A

false, it impairs entire movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

why are there similar movement sequences all over the cortex

A

for compensatory behaviours from intact areas when there is damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does damage to the primary motor cortex do

A

muscle weakness and impaired individual movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

damage to the premotor cortex does what

A

impairs complex movements that involving multiple body parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the role of the neocortex and the motor planning areas together

A

blend prelearned basic movements that are integrated and refined, coordinate multiple limbs at once each doing different basic movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the direction of movement and force is encoded by what

A

motor neurons, each tuned to their own preferred direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ventral stream

A

perception of objects, vision to perception

24
Q

dorsal stream

A

process info to guide action, vision to action

25
Q

mirror neurons

A

active when you are doing something or when watchgin soomeone else do something

26
Q

some neurons are specific to size of a target or distance to a target, T/F

A

true

27
Q

core mirror neurons are specific T/F

A

False, they are goal directed movements

28
Q

where are mirror neurons found

A

in the ventral (bottom) premotor area, some found in parietal and temporal

29
Q

substantia nigra does what in motor control

A

its the reward system, releases dopamine

30
Q

hyperkinetic movement disorder

A

excess movement, resulting from damage to the caudate and putamen (in basal ganglia)

31
Q

examples of hyperkinetic disorders

A

huntington, tourettes, dyskinesias (unwanted writhing or twitching)

32
Q

hypokinetic movement disorders

A

loss of movement, resulting from loss of dopamine input from substantia nigra, difficulty making voluntary movements

33
Q

example of hypokinetic disorder

A

Parkinson’s

34
Q

basal ganglia’s role in motor control

A

modulation and force

35
Q

cerebellum’s role in motor control

A

precision and control, timing movements, correction

36
Q

how does the cerebellum correct movement

A

receives plan of movement from the cortex, and visual and sensory input from the result, then uses both in order to correct and sends it back to the cortex to try again

37
Q

what is the purpose of the flocculus

A

balance and eye movements, horizontal lobe at base of cerebellum

38
Q

midline areas of the cerebellum control what

A

the midline of the body, the face and trunk, ipsilaterally

39
Q

lateral areas of the cerebellum control what

A

limb and digit movements, contralaterally

40
Q

why do they test your balance to see if you are drunk

A

because the cerebellum is for balance and is extremely sensitive to alcohol

41
Q

brainstem’s purpose in motor control

A

specify coarse movements of the entire body

cat arching it’ back or coarse hair, running or walking, full body movements

42
Q

corticospinal tract

A

starts in cortex ends in spine, affects trunk, limbs, digits

43
Q

which part of the corticospinal tract does what

A

lateral does limbs and digits contraterally, anterior does trunk ipsilaterally

44
Q

corticobulbar tract

A

starts in cortex and ends in face (bulbous fucking head), affects facial movements

45
Q

where do the cortico- tracts originate from

A

layer V of the cortex (layer IV is the sensory, V and VI are motor)

46
Q

where do 95% of motor pathways decussate (contralteralize, cross over)

A

the pyramids, a bump on the ventral side of the brainstem

47
Q

spinal motor neurons

A

provide output between nervous system and the muscles

48
Q

spinal motor neurons are afferent or efferent

A

efferent

49
Q

where do spinal motor neurons synapse onto

A

the neuromotor junction

50
Q

where do corticospinal tracts synapse onto

A

inter and motor neurons

51
Q

how are spinal motor neurons and interneurons arranged

A

in a homonculus, with lateral motor neurons control hands and digits, intermediate control limbs, medial control trunk

52
Q

muscles that control limbs are arranged in

A

pairs

53
Q

extensor muscles move

A

limb away from the trunk, triceps

54
Q

flexor muscles move

A

limb towards the trunk, biceps

55
Q

what is the neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction, controlling flexor or extensor

A

acetylcholine

56
Q

can an extensor and flexor muscle both be excited at the same time

A

normally no, but through top down control yes, like engaging your core when doing another workout

PSYCH 377 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions