motor system Flashcards
the precentral gyrus
primary motor cortex
what are the three main subcortical areas involve din motor control
basal ganglia, cerebellum, brainstem
what does the motor cortex do
plan and initiate movement
what do the basal ganglia and cerebellum do
coordinate and correct movement
what does the spinal chord do
conducts info to the muscles
sequence of events in picking up a coffee cup
- visual info locates cup
- motor cortex plans reach and command movement
- spinal chord carries cortex info to hand
- motor neurons carry message to muscles
- sensory receptors in hand alert when cup is grasped
- sensory cortex receives message
- basal ganglia judges force required and cerebellum corrects movement errors
- spinal chord carries sensory info to the brain
which cortex is in charge of goals
parietal cortex, takes info from senses and initiates movements
which cortex is in charge of planning
prefrontal, plans movement
which cortex is in charge of sequencing
premotor cortex, coordinates the whole body
which cortex executes
primary motor, produces simple movements (not whole body)
organization of the OG homonculus on the somatosensory and motor cortexes
head on lateral side of brain, then hand to arm to trunk to leg to feet at the longitudinal fissure
ethological movement
natural movements, innate behaviour movement patterns
examples of ethological movements
defensive positions, grasping, chewing, licking, reaching
can be generated by stimulation of areas in motor cortex, intensity according to duration of stimulation
what supports the idea of the homonculus being maintained by ethological movements
types of movements seem to be clustered in the same area, such as hand and arm being close and causing reaching and grasping movement
do you need sensory info to reach an object
yes, both where the goal is located and where your body is in relation to it
movement lexicon
behaviours built by set movement patterns
ethological behaviours
damage to a cortical area only impairs the corresponding body part or muscle, T/F
false, it impairs entire movements
why are there similar movement sequences all over the cortex
for compensatory behaviours from intact areas when there is damage
what does damage to the primary motor cortex do
muscle weakness and impaired individual movements
damage to the premotor cortex does what
impairs complex movements that involving multiple body parts
what is the role of the neocortex and the motor planning areas together
blend prelearned basic movements that are integrated and refined, coordinate multiple limbs at once each doing different basic movements
the direction of movement and force is encoded by what
motor neurons, each tuned to their own preferred direction
ventral stream
perception of objects, vision to perception
dorsal stream
process info to guide action, vision to action
